Skeletal system

Question 1

What result would be expected from premature closure of the epiphysial plates?

Answer 1

Short stature

Question 2

Where is red marrow found in an adult?

Answer 2

In flat bones, ribs, skull, hip bones

Question 3

Which portion of the body is examined most frequently in the assessment of skeletal maturation?

Answer 3

The hand, in wrist radiographs

Question 4

Which parts of the limb bones are cartilaginous (or have cartilage covering) in the adult?

Answer 4

The ends of long bones and joint surfaces

Question 5

Where is cartilage present in the adult skeleton?

Answer 5

At the ends of long bones (joint surfaces) and the ends of ribs

Question 6

Describe the process of membranous bone development

Answer 6

• Involves direct mineralisation of connective tissue (NO CARTILAGE)
• Grows RADIALLY from a primary ossification centre

Question 7

The wrist is an example of what type of joint?

Answer 7

Plane

Question 8

The elbow and knee are examples of what type of joint?

Answer 8

Hinge

Question 9

The shoulder or hip are examples of what type of joints?

Answer 9

Ball and socket

Question 10

What is the origin of synovial fluid?

Answer 10

The synovial membrane of joints

Question 11

What is the function of synovial fluid?

Answer 11

Lubricates joint surfaces, reduces friction

Question 12

What is the total number of bones in the adult human body?

Answer 12

206

Question 13

An immature bone cell that forms bone is called an

Answer 13

osteoBLAST

Question 14

The bone remodeling cell that is responsible for the resorption of bone is known as an

Answer 14

osteoCLAST

Question 15

A type of bone growth that increases the thickness or diameter of the bone in response to stress from increased muscle activity is known as

Answer 15

Appositional growth

Question 16

The vascular CT membrane which lines the medullary cavity of a long bone is called

Answer 16

Endosteum

Question 17

Name two terms used for describing bone formation/development

Answer 17

Osteogenesis and ossification are used interchangeably to indicate the process of bone formation

Question 18

Direct mineralisation of connective tissue (from mesenchyme) without cartilage involvement describes what type of bone formation?

Answer 18

Intramembranous

Question 19

List three examples of bones that have intramembranous ossification

Answer 19

1. Flat bones of skull and face
2. Mandible
3. Clavicle

Question 20

Which type of bone growth uses a cartilaginous template made from the mesenchyme?

Answer 20

Endochondral ossification

Question 21

How many ossification centres are in endochondral ossification?

Answer 21

Three- primary site in diaphysis, secondary sites in epiphysis

Question 22

The epiphyseal growth plate exists between the ________ and _______.

Answer 22

diaphysis, epiphysis

Question 23

What “system” is aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone?

Answer 23

The Haversion system (the canal that houses the blood vessels and nerve fibres)

Question 24

What runs at obtuse angles to the Haversion system in long bones?

Answer 24

Volkmann’s canals- contain anastamosing vessels with bv’s in Haversion canals

Question 25

Volkmann’s canals are inside _______

Answer 25

osteons

Question 26

Volkmann’s canals interconnect ______ _________

Answer 26

Haversion canals

Question 27

An osteon is formed of concentric rings, or ___________, surrounded by a Haversion canal

Answer 27

lamellae