Skeletal system Flashcards
What result would be expected from premature closure of the epiphysial plates?
Short stature
Where is red marrow found in an adult?
In flat bones, ribs, skull, hip bones
Which portion of the body is examined most frequently in the assessment of skeletal maturation?
The hand, in wrist radiographs
Which parts of the limb bones are cartilaginous (or have cartilage covering) in the adult?
The ends of long bones and joint surfaces
Where is cartilage present in the adult skeleton?
At the ends of long bones (joint surfaces) and the ends of ribs
Describe the process of membranous bone development
- Involves direct mineralisation of connective tissue (NO CARTILAGE)
- Grows RADIALLY from a primary ossification centre
The wrist is an example of what type of joint?
Plane
The elbow and knee are examples of what type of joint?
Hinge
The shoulder or hip are examples of what type of joints?
Ball and socket
What is the origin of synovial fluid?
The synovial membrane of joints
What is the function of synovial fluid?
Lubricates joint surfaces, reduces friction
What is the total number of bones in the adult human body?
206
An immature bone cell that forms bone is called an
osteoBLAST
The bone remodeling cell that is responsible for the resorption of bone is known as an
osteoCLAST
A type of bone growth that increases the thickness or diameter of the bone in response to stress from increased muscle activity is known as
Appositional growth
The vascular CT membrane which lines the medullary cavity of a long bone is called
Endosteum
Name two terms used for describing bone formation/development
Osteogenesis and ossification are used interchangeably to indicate the process of bone formation
Direct mineralisation of connective tissue (from mesenchyme) without cartilage involvement describes what type of bone formation?
Intramembranous
List three examples of bones that have intramembranous ossification
- Flat bones of skull and face
- Mandible
- Clavicle
Which type of bone growth uses a cartilaginous template made from the mesenchyme?
Endochondral ossification
How many ossification centres are in endochondral ossification?
Three- primary site in diaphysis, secondary sites in epiphysis
The epiphyseal growth plate exists between the ________ and _______.
diaphysis, epiphysis
What “system” is aligned parallel to the long axis of the bone?
The Haversion system (the canal that houses the blood vessels and nerve fibres)
What runs at obtuse angles to the Haversion system in long bones?
Volkmann’s canals- contain anastamosing vessels with bv’s in Haversion canals
Volkmann’s canals are inside _______
osteons
Volkmann’s canals interconnect ______ _________
Haversion canals
An osteon is formed of concentric rings, or ___________, surrounded by a Haversion canal
lamellae
