Health psychology Flashcards
From a health psychology perspective, what is the difference between illness and disease?
Illness describes the subjective symptoms, or the patient experience
disease is the more ojective signs, the diagnosis one receives from a medical professional
What are some of the sociological factors in the biopsychosocial model of health?
Age Gender Socioeconomic status Employment Disability Family Relationships Substance abuse (these are just a few examples, as there are many more)
This refers to a measurable, observable, or felt improvement in health not attributable to treatment
Placebo effect
This occurs when an inert substance produces symptoms congruent with anticipated harm
Nocebo effect
This concept refer to how much or whether some genes are expressed in different cells in the body
Epigenetics
“____________ could serve as a bridge between the social sciences and the biological sciences, allowing a truly integrated understanding of human health and behaviour.” McGowan and Szyf, 2010
Epigenetics
What does the “slavery hypothesis” relate to, in terms of birth weights of children born to mothers decended from American slaves?
Children born to African-American mothers had significantly lower birth weights than children born to mothers living in America with African heritage, but were not descended from slaves.
The idea that the brain can be changed through social and environmental factors is referred to as
Neuroplasticity
In one study, London taxi drivers had a substantial enlargement in what part of their brains?
Hippocampi
Attititudes can be influenced by _________ _________ and consequently have the potential to affect health-related behaviour
persuasive messaging
There is usually congruence between __________ and behaviour
attitude
Mismatches between attitudes and behaviour result in _________ ______ which we are motivated to remove by changing behaviour or changing attitudes. (i.e. incompatible beliefs)
cognitive dissonance
Changing _______ is often an important part of health promotion interventions at both individual and population level
attitudes
The framing effect: people react differently to a particular choice depending on whether it is presented as a loss or a gain.
______-framing may be better for health-promoting behaviours
______-framing may be better for illness detecting behaviours
gain
loss
Distorted self ________ is often observed among people with eating disorders
image
The belief that a person’s behaviour is internally motivated- it is voluntary and reflects the person’s attitudes and beliefs
Internal attributions
Belief that a person’s behaviour is due to external factors such as luck, chance or someone else demanding it
External attributions
These are generalisations that we make about specific social groups and members of those groups (e.g. nationality, occupation, religion)
Stereotypes
Judging someone before having relavant facts
Prejudice
Correlational evidence indicates that ________ are likely to influence diagnosis and treatment decisions and levels of care in some circumstances
biases
A ________ role defines the expectations of how someone is supposed to behave; a major determinant of human behaviour.
social
Goffman (1959) described life as a “never ending play.” What is the name for this model?
Dramaturgical model
The processes whereby people take on (and later spread) social norms and customs
Socialisation
