Imaging Flashcards
Who discovered Xrays, and in what year?
Wilhelm Rontgen discovered XRays in 1895
Arrange the following in the order of increasing radio-opacity: air, metallic foreign body, soft tissues, bones, fat
Air, fat, soft tissues, bones, foreign body
What type of sections are created in MR images?
Cross-sectional images
What is the major difficulty with obtaining CAT scans?
The patient needs to lie very still
Who was the first person to use sonography for medical purposes (generally known as “the father of ultrasound?”
John Wild
Which structures are evaluated using a Doppler ultrasound?
Arteries and veins
What is another word for the ultrasound term Anechoic, which means “echo free?”
Sonolucent
What colour does air appear on ultrasound?
Air is bright white on ultrasound
Area of no echoes, appears black on ultrasound image
Anechoic
Area of fewer returning echoes, appears darker on ultrasound images
Hypoechoic
Area of more returning echoes, appears brighter on ultrasound image
Hyperechoic
A mixed area of bright and dark echoes is referred to as either ___________ or __________ on ultrasound.
inhomogenous or heterogenous
This refers to the characteristic appearance of an organ as a result of exposure to ultrasound
echotexture
What colour does air appear on XRay?
Black
What colour is bone in CT scans?
White
What colour is bone on MRI?
Bone appears black or gray with MRI
Arrange in order of increasing radio-opacity:
Air, Fat, Soft tissue or fluid, Bone, Metallic foreign body (i.e. prosthetic hip or knee replacement)
Least Radio-opaque (meaning more X rays pass through) = Air
Fat
Soft tissue or fluid
Bone
Most Radio-opaque (Most dense/ More X Rays absorbed) = Metallic foreign body (i.e. prosthetic hip or knee replacement)
This is a specialised cardiology investigation, useful for functional information on cardiac function (especially valvular).
Echocardiogram
What type of imaging is used for determining ventilation/perfusion in the lungs? (Though keep in mind it is rarely used in clinical practice)
Radionuclide imaging of the chest
Chest radiography is typically performed in what type of projection?
P-A
How is chest radiography performed in patients who are bedbound, or are otherwise particularly unwell?
A-P, or using portable radiography
What does the pneumonic “Are There Many Lung Lesions Detectable?” stand for?
- Abdomen
- Thorax
- Mediastinum
- Lung- right, then left
- Lungs- compare
- Devices
What finding indicates cardiomegaly on chest radiograph?
The cardio-thoaracic ratio: If the length of the mediastinum is greater than half of the length of the entire hemithorax.
What are the areas of the thorax where pathology is often missed on radiographs?
Apicies, hila, behind the heart, and below the diaphragm
What is the clinical term for the interposition of hepatic flexure of colon between the liver and right hemidiaphragm, and what is its clinical significance?
Chiladiti’s sign; normal variant
What are the radiographic features of Covid-19 pneumonitis?
Dense patchy peripheral airspace opacification
How does a pleural effusion appear on ultrasound?
Black space
This imaging procedure checks the patency of the uterine tubes and can detect abnormalities within the uterus
Hysterosalpingogram
What unique information can be obtained using Doppler ultrasound?
Blood flow
What areas appear bright white on ultrasound?
Bones, tendons, and air
The brightness of an image by amplification of the returning echoes is known as
Gain
What is the effect of increasing gain on an ultrasound image?
The image appears brighter and the depth of visualisation is deeper
What does acoustic shadowing represent in an ultrasound image?
Acoustic Shadowing occurs when the sound wave encounters a very echo dense structure, nearly all of the sound is reflected, resulting in an acoustic shadow (gallstones are one example)
