Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions
-Support (frame)
-Protection (internal organs)
-Movement (muscle are anchored to the bone)
-Blood cell production (haematopoiesis)
-Storage
Axial skeleton
the bones that make up the head and trunk of the body : mandible, rib cage, skull
Appendicular Skeleton
limbs that support the trunk : radius, carpals, fermur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, humerus, scapula, ulna, tarsals, metacarpal, metatarsals
Long bones
-mostly located in the appendicular skeleton
-hard, dense bones
-provide strength, structure and mobility eg femur (thigh bone)
Short bones
-shaped roughly as a cube
-contain mostly spongy tissue
-allow movement of the wrist and ankles
Irregular bones
-designed to absorb stress
-wider eg pelvis and vertebrae
Sesamoid bones
-small round bone
-embedded within a tendon
-reinforce and decrease stress on that tendon eg the knee, thumb and big toe
Cartilage
-tough, flexible tissue
-lines joints and give structure
Joints
a point where two bones make contact
Muscle
fibrous tissue that can contract, producing movement and/or maintaining body position
Tendons
attachs muscle to bone
Ligaments
band of connective tissue that holds bones together and keeps them stable
Tissue type: Fibrous
Function: immobile (structures in the skull or pelvis)
Structure: adjacent bones are fixed by fibrous connective tissue, these joints tend to require strength and stability
Tissue type: Cartilaginous
Function: slightly mobile (where ribs attach to sternum)
Structure: bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage
Tissue type: Synovial
Function: freely movable (knee, elbow, hip)
Structure: surfaces of bones arent directly connected. contact via a fluid filled joint cavity, most common type of joint
Synovial joints
-hyaline cartilage acts as a shock absorber
-ligaments stabilises joints
-tendons join muscles to bone and enable movement
-synovial membrane produces synovial fluid
-fibrous joint capsule is a protective envelope around the joint
Hinge joints
-Convex end of the bone
-articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone, allows bending and straightening motions along a single axis eg knee, ankle and interphalangeal joints
Condyloid joint
-Shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone/bones
Saddle joint
-Articulating surfaces
-saddle shape, concave in one direction, convex in the other
-allows the two bones to fit together
Pivot joint
-rounded position of a bone is endosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament
-bone rotates within this ring eg joints in the neck
Plane joint (gliding joint)
- flat or slightly curved allows the bones to slide against each other
-found between carpal bones of the wrist or tarsal bones of the foot.
Ball and socket joint
-greatest range of motion
-rounded head of one bone(the ball)
fits into the concave articulation(the socket) of the adjacent bone.
-hip joint and the glenonumeral(shoulder) joint are the only ball and socket joints of the body
