Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions

Answer 1

-Support (frame)
-Protection (internal organs)
-Movement (muscle are anchored to the bone)
-Blood cell production (haematopoiesis)
-Storage

Question 2

Axial skeleton

Answer 2

the bones that make up the head and trunk of the body : mandible, rib cage, skull

Question 3

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 3

limbs that support the trunk : radius, carpals, fermur, tibia, fibula, tarsus, humerus, scapula, ulna, tarsals, metacarpal, metatarsals

Question 4

Long bones

Answer 4

-mostly located in the appendicular skeleton
-hard, dense bones
-provide strength, structure and mobility eg femur (thigh bone)

Question 5

Short bones

Answer 5

-shaped roughly as a cube
-contain mostly spongy tissue
-allow movement of the wrist and ankles

Question 6

Irregular bones

Answer 6

-designed to absorb stress
-wider eg pelvis and vertebrae

Question 7

Sesamoid bones

Answer 7

-small round bone
-embedded within a tendon
-reinforce and decrease stress on that tendon eg the knee, thumb and big toe

Question 8

Cartilage

Answer 8

-tough, flexible tissue
-lines joints and give structure

Question 9

Joints

Answer 9

a point where two bones make contact

Question 10

Muscle

Answer 10

fibrous tissue that can contract, producing movement and/or maintaining body position

Question 11

Tendons

Answer 11

attachs muscle to bone

Question 12

Ligaments

Answer 12

band of connective tissue that holds bones together and keeps them stable

Question 13

Tissue type: Fibrous

Answer 13

Function: immobile (structures in the skull or pelvis)
Structure: adjacent bones are fixed by fibrous connective tissue, these joints tend to require strength and stability

Question 14

Tissue type: Cartilaginous

Answer 14

Function: slightly mobile (where ribs attach to sternum)
Structure: bones are joined by hyaline cartilage or fibrous cartilage

Question 15

Tissue type: Synovial

Answer 15

Function: freely movable (knee, elbow, hip)
Structure: surfaces of bones arent directly connected. contact via a fluid filled joint cavity, most common type of joint

Question 16

Synovial joints

Answer 16

-hyaline cartilage acts as a shock absorber
-ligaments stabilises joints
-tendons join muscles to bone and enable movement
-synovial membrane produces synovial fluid
-fibrous joint capsule is a protective envelope around the joint

Question 17

Hinge joints

Answer 17

-Convex end of the bone
-articulates with the concave end of the adjoining bone, allows bending and straightening motions along a single axis eg knee, ankle and interphalangeal joints

Question 18

Condyloid joint

Answer 18

-Shallow depression at the end of one bone articulates with a rounded structure from an adjacent bone/bones

Question 19

Saddle joint

Answer 19

-Articulating surfaces
-saddle shape, concave in one direction, convex in the other
-allows the two bones to fit together

Question 20

Pivot joint

Answer 20

-rounded position of a bone is endosed within a ring formed partially by the articulation with another bone and partially by a ligament
-bone rotates within this ring eg joints in the neck

Question 21

Plane joint (gliding joint)

Answer 21

• flat or slightly curved allows the bones to slide against each other
  -found between carpal bones of the wrist or tarsal bones of the foot.

Question 22

Ball and socket joint

Answer 22

-greatest range of motion
-rounded head of one bone(the ball)
fits into the concave articulation(the socket) of the adjacent bone.
-hip joint and the glenonumeral(shoulder) joint are the only ball and socket joints of the body