Cell transport

Question 1

Active transport

Answer 1

-Involves moving molecules against a concentration gradient
-Requires energy (ATP [adenosine triphosphate] converted to ADP [adenosine diphosphate] it release energy and an inorganic phosphate molecule)
-endocytosis & exocytosis : pinocytosis & phagocytosis
-Sodium-potassium pump (substances move from a lower to a higher concentration, energy is gained through respiration in the form of ATP)

Question 2

Passive transport

Answer 2

-Doesn’t require energy
-osmosis & diffusion (simple&facilitated)

Question 3

Simple diffusion

Answer 3

Passive movement of substances (not using energy) from higher to lower concentration eg during gas exchange in the alveoli , oxygen moves from being at higher concentration in the air to lower in the blood.

Question 4

Osmosis

Answer 4

-Involves the movement of solvent molecules (usually water) net movement of water molecules from a solution of low solute concentration to a solution of higher.
-If the two solutions are the same concentration there will be no movement as they are isotonic to each other across a semi permeable membrane.

Question 5

Facilitated diffusion

Answer 5

-Involves molecules which are large or charged.
-They can only move into or out the cell with the help of membrane proteins down a concentration gradient
-Channel proteins open & close to allow specific substances through -Carrier proteins aid transport across the membrane

Question 6

Endocytosis (into the cell)

Answer 6

-Most molecules needed for the cell to survive can’t normally pass through the plasma membrane
-Phagocytosis and pinocytosis are types of endocytosis

Question 7

Exocytosis (out of the cell)

Answer 7

-Material is exported out of the cell via secretory vesicles
-Removes waste material from the cell in secretory cellular products (eg enzymes and hormones)