Skeletal system

Question 1

long bones

Answer 1

cortical bone (compact) and cancellous (spongy)

Question 2

long bone components

Answer 2

• epiphysis
• diaphysis
• meduallary cavity
• metaphysis
• epiphyseal plate

Question 3

epiphysis

Answer 3

end of bone; contains red bone marrow for hematopoeisis

Question 4

diaphysis

Answer 4

long hollow shaft in center

Question 5

medullary cavity

Answer 5

within diaphysis contains red and yellow bone marrow
* fat storage

Question 6

metaphysis

Answer 6

between medullary cavity and epiphyseal plates

Question 7

epiphyseal plate

Answer 7

“growth plate” made of hyaline cartilage and works to lengthen diaphysis through growth and ossfication

Question 8

short bones

Answer 8

support

Question 9

flat bones

Answer 9

protection

Question 10

seasmoid bones

Answer 10

within tendons to help pull muscles

Question 11

irregular bones

Answer 11

irregular shaped

Question 12

cortical bone

Answer 12

dense outer layer that supports weight

Question 13

osteons

Answer 13

tiny mutlinucleated cylinders aka haversion canals

Question 14

haversian canals

Answer 14

tubes that contain blood vessels for nutrient supply

Question 15

lamellae

Answer 15

layers of osteon

Question 16

lacunae

Answer 16

spaces between lamellae that hold bone

Question 17

canaliculi

Answer 17

channels that connect lacunae and Haversian canal

Question 18

Volkmann’s cannals

Answer 18

connect Haversian canals to periosteum

Question 19

osteoprogenitors

Answer 19

precursor cells to osteoblasts

Question 20

osteoblasts

Answer 20

build bone by secreting proteins and Ca2+

Question 21

osteoclasts

Answer 21

eat and resorb bone and release phosphate and Ca2+
* dervived from monocytes

Question 22

PTH

Answer 22

increases Ca++ by stimulating osteoclasts

Question 23

Vitamin D

Answer 23

increase Ca++ by raising intestinal Ca++ reabsorption

Question 24

calcitonin

Answer 24

decreases Ca++ by depressing osteoclasts

Question 25

intramembranous ossification

Answer 25

bone created within fibrous membrane
* for flat bones

Question 26

endochondral ossification

Answer 26

created indirectly through cartilage model for long bones
* calcifies during fetal development

Question 27

tendons

Answer 27

muscle to bone

Question 28

ligaments

Answer 28

bone to bone

Question 29

synarthroses

Answer 29

dense, fibrous, don’t move

Question 30

amphiarthroses

Answer 30

cartilaginous, partially move

Question 31

diarthroses

Answer 31

synovial, fully move