Cells & Organelles Flashcards
nuclear pores
holes in nuclear envelope allowing molecules to travel in and out
nuclear lamina
- provides structural suppport to nucleus
- regulates DNA organization, replication, and cell division
nucleolus
where rRNA is produced
transcription in eukaryotes
nucleus
eukaryotic ribosomal subunits
60s and 40s to make 80s
prokaryotic ribosomal subunits
30s and 50s to make 70s
where are free floating ribosomes
cytosol
rough ER is continuous with…
outer membrane of the nuclear envelope
glycosylation
process of adding carbohydrate to a protein
smooth ER
synthesize lipids, steriod hormones, detoxify cells which are essential for energy storage, membrane function, and hormone communication
cis face
where incoming vesicles enter the Golgi apparatusn
trans face
where ER products exit the Golgi apparatus
smooth ER
synthesize lipids, steriod hormones which are essential for energy storage, membrane function, and hormone communication
glycosylation
process of adding carbohydrate to a protein
lysosome
hydrolyzes breaks down substances because designed to function in low pH
* function in apoptosis, breakdown of nutrients, bacteria, and cell debris
tonoplast
found in central vacuoles and help maintain cell ridgidity by exerting tugor
contractile vacuoles
in single-celled organisms collect and pump excess water out of cell
* prevent cell lysis
endomembrane system
group of organells and membranes that work together to modify, package, and transport proteins and lipids entering/exiting
organelles in endomembrane system
rough/smooth ER, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, and cell membrane
perioxisomes
function to breakdown substances
* generates H2O2 and produces ROS
* contain catalase to breakdown
centrosome
contains pair of centrioles
microfilaments
made of actin and aid in cell motility
microfilament function
- cleavage furrow
- cyclosis
- muscle contraction
clevage furrow
during cell division, myosin motors and actin microfilaments from contractile rings that split the cell
cyclosis (cytoplasmic streaming)
flow of cytoplasm inside the cell
glycosylation
process of adding carbohydrate to a protein
smooth ER
synthesize lipids, steriod hormones which are essential for energy storage, membrane function, and hormone communication
muscle contraction
actin microfilaments have directionality that contributes to muscle contraction
what are microtubule walls made of
tubulin
microtubule arrangement in centriole
9 x 3
