Bio Test 5 Takeaways Flashcards
which structure does the spinal cord develop?
neural tube
neural tube
ectoderm
what causes right shift hemoglobin dissociation curve?
CADET face right; increase in the following
* CO2
* acid
* DPG
* exercise
* temperature
lacteals
small lymphatic vessels that take fats to the rest of the body
deficiency in lacteals
inefficient absorption of dietary lipids
what activates G cells in stomach to secrete gastrin
stomach distension
gastrin
stimulates parietal cells and chief cells to produce digestive enzymes
filtrate
becomes more concentrated as it flows down loop of Henle as water exits renal tubule
filtrate going up
salts are secreted into the surrounding tissues
increase in salt secretion results in
increased osmolarity of surrounding tissues
where is there an increased osmolarity gradient
longer loop of Henle causing more water to be reabsorbed form the collecting duct
* more concentrated urine
virus effeciency of transfer
very efficient due to the natural infectivity of viruses
phagocytic cells
- macrophages
- neutrophils
- dendritic cells
methods of horizontal gene transfer
- conjugation
- transformation
- transduction
conjugation
direct transfer of genetic material between bacteria via a pilus
hexokinase
phosphorylates glucose to G-6P
isomerase
converts G6P to fructose-6-phosphate
phosphofructokinase
phosphorylates fructose-6-phospate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate
gap junctions
allow the passage of ions and small moleules between adjacent animal cells
cell membrane components
phospholipids and proteins
rough ER
translatoin and folding of new proteins
smooth ER
synthesize lipids
golgi apparatus
storing, modifying, exporting of proteins
nucleolus
synthesis of rRNA
lysosome
digestive enzymes, breaks down substances
TATA box
squence in many promoter regions that transcription factors can recognize and bind to
gel electrophoresis
- small negatively charged molecule travels the furthest and fastests
- large uncharge molecule travels the least and slowest
what triggers menstruation?
drop in estorgen and progesterone levels
what does sexual reproduction lead to
greater genetic diversity when compared to asexual reproduction
H zone
H is a thick letter so contains thick filaments
* myosin
nondisjunction in meiosis 1
- disruptive effect on all 4 daughter cells
- two gametes will lack chromose (n-1)
- two gametes will have an extra chromosome (n+1)
macrophages
specific and not specific immunity
number of chromosomes in 2 daughther cells formed by mitosis
same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
