Circulatory System (Cardiovascular)

Question 1

system circulation

Answer 1

left ventricle (oxygenated) > aorta > arteries > arterioles > capillaries > venules > veins > superior/inferior vena cava > right atrium (deoxygenated) > right ventricle

Question 2

pulmonary circulation

Answer 2

right ventricle > pulmonary arteries lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > left ventricle

Question 3

most muscular chamber

Answer 3

left ventricle

Question 4

cardiomyocytes

Answer 4

• have automaticity
• self excitable
• initiate AP without an external nerve

Question 5

intercalated disks

Answer 5

• signal transduction
• connect cardiomyocytes

Question 6

desmosomes

Answer 6

anchor and hold cells together

Question 7

gap junctions

Answer 7

between cells and allow for rapid transmission of electrical signal

Question 8

electrical pathway

Answer 8

SA node (R atrium) –> AV node (between atria) –> bundle of His –> Purkinje fiber

Question 9

SA node

Answer 9

• pacemaker
• sends electrical signals by itself
• greatest automaticty
• contracts both atria = dumps blood into ventricles
• vagus nerve slows down SA node frequency

Question 10

AV node

Answer 10

adds brief delay between atria and ventricles contraction

Question 11

systole

Answer 11

= contraction
* right after ventricles contraction and eject blood into arteries
* blood pressure is HIGHEST in arteries

Question 12

diastole

Answer 12

= relaxation
* right after atria contract to fill ventricle
* BP is the lowest in arteries

Question 13

heart sounds

Answer 13

• S1 (LUB): AV valve closing
• S2 (DUB): semilunar valves closing

Question 14

P wave

Answer 14

atrial depolarization

Question 15

Q wave

Answer 15

depolarization through interventricular septum

Question 16

R wave

Answer 16

ventricular depolarization

Question 17

S wave

Answer 17

completion of ventricular depolarization

Question 18

T wave

Answer 18

completion of ventricular depolarization

Question 19

total peripheral resistance (TPR)

Answer 19

• total resistance blood faces when flowing through vessels
• vasoconstriction = increase TPR
• vasodilation = decrease TPR

Question 20

mean arterial pressure (MAP)

Answer 20

average pressure during one cardiac cycle
* MAP = CO * TPR

Question 21

blood vessels

Answer 21

all linded by endothelial cells

Question 22

arteries/arterioles

Answer 22

elastic, smooth muscle
* higher BP

Question 23

capillaries

Answer 23

tiny blood vessels, once cell thick, allow nutrients and gases to pass through
* lower BP
* movement of fluid regulated by osmotic vs. hydrostatic pressure
* osmotic pressure stays the same, hydrostatic pressure higher on arteriole side

Question 24

veins

Answer 24

stores most of body’s blood
* one way valves to prevent backward flow
* lowest BP

Question 25

where is blood flow the slowest?

Answer 25

slowest in the capillaries because they have most cross sectional area

Question 26

what helps move blood through veins?

Answer 26

skeletal muscle contraction