Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

mouth

A
  • mechanical (chewing) + chemcial (salivary amylase) digestion begins
  • saliva lubricates food into bolus for esophagus –> increase salivary amylase
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2
Q

salivary amylase (SA)

A

digests startch into maltose

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3
Q

pharynx

A
  • food enters and separates from respiratory system
  • epiglottis: prevents choking by blocking the trachea
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4
Q

esophagus

A
  • peristalsis: wave-like contraction of muscles pushes food down towards stomach
  • upper 1/3: voluntary and skeletal muscle
  • middle 1/3: smooth muscle
  • lower 1/3: mixed
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5
Q

stomach

A
  • enters via cardiac sphincter
  • converts and mixes food into chyme (mechanical churning and chemical enzyme digestion)
  • lined with gastric pits leading to gastric glands
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6
Q

G cells

A

stimulated by food distinction and secretes gastrin

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7
Q

what stimulates parietal cells to secrete HCl?

A

gastrin

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8
Q

parietal cells

A

secrete HCl

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9
Q

chief cells

A

secrete gastric lipase and pepsinogen –> low pH converts to pepsin

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10
Q

G cells stimulate…

A

chief cells

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11
Q

mucous cells

A

secretes mucus for lubrication, protection against stomach acid

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12
Q

small intestine

A

90% of digestion and nutrient absorption

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13
Q

parts of small intestine

A

DJ Eye
* dudodenum, jejunum, ileum

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14
Q

where does acidic chyme enter

A

via the pyloric sphincter

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15
Q

goblet cells

A

secret mucus and protect from acidic environment

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16
Q

acid

A

stimulates release of secretin which stimulates release of bicarbonate ions into duodenum via pancreatic duct

17
Q

acidic chyme moves via

A

peristalsis

18
Q

what stimulates the release of CCK

A

proteins and fats will stimulate SI to release CCK

19
Q

CCK

A

slows gastric emptying
* stimulates pancrease to release digestive enzymes to do most of the digestion (macro–> oligo)
* stimulates gallbladder to relase bile into duodenum

20
Q

villi

A
  • finger like projections on the wall
  • made of enterocytes
21
Q

microvili

A

projections of villi and increase SA and absorption efficiency

22
Q

lacteal

A

each villus is associated with a capillary network and a lymph vessel

23
Q

microvilli form?

A

brush border in which final digestion takes place (oligo –> mono)

24
Q

gastrin

A
  • produced by G cells of stomach
  • stimulate parietal cells to create gastric juice
  • stimulate chief cells to release pepsinogen and lipase
25
Q

secretin

A
  • produced by duodenum
  • stimulate pancreas to release bicarbonate to neutralize acidic chyme
26
Q

CCK

A
  • produced by duodenum
  • stimulate gallbladder to release bile
  • stimulate pancrease to release digestive enzyme (trypsin)