Cellular Energy Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

2nd law of thermodynamics

A

entropy (disorder) of universe is always iincreasing
- combined change must be positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

3rd law of thermodynamics

A

entropy of substance at absolute zero is 0

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RNA nucleoside triphosphate

A

contains adenine nitrogenous base + ribose sugar + 3 phosphate groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

why is ATP less stable?

`

A

because of negatively charged phosphate group

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the acidic region in the mitochondria

A

intermembrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

endosymbiotic theory

A
  • similar in size
  • own circular DNA
  • ribosomes with large and small subunit
  • double membrane
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

glycolysis location

A

in cytosol
doesn’t require oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

glycolysis formula

A

Glucose –> 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

hexokinase function

A

uawa 1 ATP to phosphorylate glucose into glucose-6-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

isomerase function

A

glucose-6-phosphate –> fructose-6-phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

phosphofructokinase (PKC)

A

fructose-6-phosphate —> fructose-1,6-biphospate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

net glycolysis ATP

A

4 net ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pyruvate oxidation formula

A

2 pyruvate –> 2CO2 + 2NADH + 2 Acetyl-CoA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

decarboxylation

A

pyruvate molecules move from cytsol to mitochondrial matrix
produce CO2 and 2-carbon molecule/pyruvate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

oxidation

of pyruvate oxidation

A

2 carbon molecule –> acetyl group
gives electron to NAD+
NAD+ –> NADH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CoA

pyruvate oxidation

A

binds to acetyl group –> acetyl-CoA

17
Q

kreb’s cycle location

A

in mitochondrial matrix in eukaryotes
in cytosol in prokaryotes

18
Q

kreb’s cycle formula

A

2 Acetyl-CoA –> 4CO2 + 6NADH + 2FADH2 + 2GTP

19
Q

citrate

A

acetyl-CoA + oxaloacetate

20
Q

what does citrate produce

A

2CO2 + 2NADH

21
Q

loss of 2CO2 results in

A

CO2

22
Q

oxidative phosphorylation location

A

mitochondrial inner membrane in eurkaryotes
cell membrane in prokaryotes

23
Q

fermentation location

A

in cytosol

24
Q

fermentation

A

anaerobic pathway that relies only on glycolysis by converting pyruvat into 2 different molecules to oxidize NADH –> NAD+

25
Q

lactic acid fermentation

A

2 NADH from glycolysis –> 2 pyruvate + 2 lactic acid

26
Q

Cori Cycle

lactic acid fermentation

A

helps convert lactate back into glucose when O2 is available
- transports lactate to liver where oxidized back into pyruvate

27
Q

what is used my muscle cells during intense exercise?

A

lactic acid fermentation

28
Q

where does lactic acid fermentation continuosly occur

A

RBC because they lack mitochondria

29
Q

alcohol fermentation

A

uses 2 NADH from glycolysis –> 2 pyruvate + 2 ethanol

30
Q

extra step in alcohol fermentation

A

decarboxylation of pyruvate –> acetaldehyde then reduce by NADH –> ethanol

31
Q

obligate aerobes

A

only aerobic respiration; require O2 to survive

32
Q

obligate anaerobes

A

only anaerobic respiration/fermentation
oxygen = posion

33
Q

facultative anaerobes

A

can do aerobic/anaerobic respiration/fermentation but prefer aerobic because it generates most ATP

34
Q

microaerophiles

A

only aerobic respiration but too much O2 is harmful

35
Q

aerotolerant organisms

A

only anaerobic/fermentation but O2 isn’t poisonous to them