Cellular Energy Flashcards
2nd law of thermodynamics
entropy (disorder) of universe is always iincreasing
- combined change must be positive
3rd law of thermodynamics
entropy of substance at absolute zero is 0
RNA nucleoside triphosphate
contains adenine nitrogenous base + ribose sugar + 3 phosphate groups
why is ATP less stable?
`
because of negatively charged phosphate group
what is the acidic region in the mitochondria
intermembrane
endosymbiotic theory
- similar in size
- own circular DNA
- ribosomes with large and small subunit
- double membrane
glycolysis location
in cytosol
doesn’t require oxygen
glycolysis formula
Glucose –> 2 ATP + 2 NADH + 2 pyruvate
hexokinase function
uawa 1 ATP to phosphorylate glucose into glucose-6-phosphate
isomerase function
glucose-6-phosphate –> fructose-6-phosphate
phosphofructokinase (PKC)
fructose-6-phosphate —> fructose-1,6-biphospate
net glycolysis ATP
4 net ATP
pyruvate oxidation formula
2 pyruvate –> 2CO2 + 2NADH + 2 Acetyl-CoA
decarboxylation
pyruvate molecules move from cytsol to mitochondrial matrix
produce CO2 and 2-carbon molecule/pyruvate
oxidation
of pyruvate oxidation
2 carbon molecule –> acetyl group
gives electron to NAD+
NAD+ –> NADH