Bio Test 1 Takeaways Flashcards

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1
Q

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DNA helicase

A

unzips the wound DNA double helix at replication fork

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2
Q

single-strand binding proteins

A

attach to each strand of uncoiled DNA to keep them separated

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3
Q

Topisomerase (DNA gyrase)

A

creates small nicks within DNA to relieve tension ahead of replication fork

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4
Q

primase

A

places RNA primer at origin of replication

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5
Q

DNA polymerase

A

extends the complemtary strand in 5’ –> 3’ direction

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6
Q

DNA sliding clamp

A

holds DNA polymerase to the template strand

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7
Q

DNA ligase

A

“glues” together DNA fragments on lagging strand by catalyzing the formation of phosphodiester bonds

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8
Q

telomerase

A

extends telomers at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes to prevent DNA from losing information

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9
Q

exploitation competition

A

indirect competition and occurs when a shared resource like territory, prey, or food is depleted

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10
Q

gastrin

A
  • stimulates parietal cells to release gastric juice
  • stimulates chief cells to release gastric lipase and pepsinogen
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11
Q

fixed action pattern

A

inherited behavioral sequence that continues to completion in response to specific stimulus

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12
Q

internal fertilization

A

require fewer gametes because the male directly deposits sperm into female’s body

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13
Q

microfilaments (actin)

A

work with myosin to perform cleavage furrow during cell division

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14
Q

how do proto-oncogenes become cancerous?

A

one-hit-gain-of-function mutation

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15
Q

how to tumor-supressor genes become cancerous?

A

via two-hit-loss-of-function mutation

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16
Q

what holds the lipid bilayer together?

A

hydrophobic interactions and van de Waals forces

17
Q

formation of dizygotic twins

A

two eggs are fertilized by two different sperm

18
Q

IgG antibody

A

disulfided bonds connect heavy and light chains