Skeletal System

Question 1

Functions of the skeleton

Answer 1

• Support
• Movement
• Protection
• Mineral reservoir
• Hemopoiesis
• Energy storage
• Endocrine

Question 2

Spongy bone

Answer 2

• loosely organized rods of bone (trabeculae)
• Found in epiphyses of long bones, interior of flat, short, or irregular bones

Question 3

Compact bone

Answer 3

Lines outer surface of bones

Question 4

What type of bone is the Sphenoid

Answer 4

Irregular

Question 5

What type of bone is the Humerus

Answer 5

Long

Question 6

What type of bone is the Talus

Answer 6

Short

Question 7

What type of bone is the Cervical vertebrae

Answer 7

Irregular

Question 8

What type of bone is the Frontal bone

Answer 8

Flat bone

Question 9

What type of bone is the Tibia

Answer 9

Long

Question 10

What type of bone is the Metacarpal

Answer 10

long

Question 11

What type of bone is the Lunate

Answer 11

Sesamoid

Question 12

How is the periosteum attached to the
bone?

Answer 12

By collagen fibers called Sharpey’s fibres

Question 13

Both the periosteum and endosteum are said to be osteogenic
• What does this term mean?
• What cells are involved with this process? Where are they located?

Answer 13

To have osteoblasts and osteoclasts; located in endosteum bone

Question 14

3 kinds of lamellae

Answer 14

• Lamellae
• Interstitial lamellae: remnants of old osteons
• Circumferential lamellae: rings around circumference of the diaphysis

Question 15

List and briefly describe the different zones associated with an epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

Resting, proliferation, hypertrophic, calcification, ossification

Question 16

What kind of tissue is remodeled during intramembranous ossification?

Answer 16

mesenchymal tissue

Question 17

What kind of tissue is remodeled during endochondral ossification?

Answer 17

hyaline cartilage to bony tissue

Question 18

Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?

Answer 18

he flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones.

Question 19

Which bones are formed by endochondral ossification?

Answer 19

long bones of the axial skeleton (vertebrae and ribs) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs).

Question 20

When does intramembranous and endochondral ossification take place (roughly)?

Answer 20

between the sixth and seventh weeks of embryonic development

Question 21

List the general steps of intramembranous ossification

Answer 21

Mesenchyme turns into osteoblasts, osteoblasts produce matrix and they get trapped, causing creation of spongy bone, then blood vessels, then the outer layer becomes compact bone

Question 22

List general step of endochondral ossification. Where is the primary ossification center formed? Secondary ossification center?

Answer 22

Primary is at diaphysis, secondary at the epiphysis

Question 23

List, in order, the steps of bone healing after a fracture

Answer 23

1. Hematoma forms
2. Fibrocartilaginous callus forms with blood vessels
3. Bony callus forms
4. Bone remodeling occurs

Question 24

Osteoporosis

Answer 24

Holes; osteoclasts break down matrix (works harder than osteoblasts)

Question 25

Osteomalacia (rickets)

Answer 25

Bone matrix not mineralized; not enough vitamin D/calcium added to matrix

Question 26

Paget’s disease

Answer 26

Excessive remodeling of bone in an unorganized fashion

Question 27

Where is vitamin D made? What is its significance to the skeletal system?

Answer 27

Synthesized in the skin with UV light; releases calcium for contraction

Question 28

Why is it significant that chondroblasts are positioned between the perichondrium and
cartilage?

Answer 28

Positioned in between for room to grow