Skeletal System Flashcards
Functions of the skeleton
- Support
- Movement
- Protection
- Mineral reservoir
- Hemopoiesis
- Energy storage
- Endocrine
Spongy bone
- loosely organized rods of bone (trabeculae)
- Found in epiphyses of long bones, interior of flat, short, or irregular bones
Compact bone
Lines outer surface of bones
What type of bone is the Sphenoid
Irregular
What type of bone is the Humerus
Long
What type of bone is the Talus
Short
What type of bone is the Cervical vertebrae
Irregular
What type of bone is the Frontal bone
Flat bone
What type of bone is the Tibia
Long
What type of bone is the Metacarpal
long
What type of bone is the Lunate
Sesamoid
How is the periosteum attached to the
bone?
By collagen fibers called Sharpey’s fibres
Both the periosteum and endosteum are said to be osteogenic
• What does this term mean?
• What cells are involved with this process? Where are they located?
To have osteoblasts and osteoclasts; located in endosteum bone
3 kinds of lamellae
- Lamellae
- Interstitial lamellae: remnants of old osteons
- Circumferential lamellae: rings around circumference of the diaphysis
List and briefly describe the different zones associated with an epiphyseal plate
Resting, proliferation, hypertrophic, calcification, ossification
What kind of tissue is remodeled during intramembranous ossification?
mesenchymal tissue
What kind of tissue is remodeled during endochondral ossification?
hyaline cartilage to bony tissue
Which bones are formed by intramembranous ossification?
he flat bones of the skull, clavicle, and most of the cranial bones.
Which bones are formed by endochondral ossification?
long bones of the axial skeleton (vertebrae and ribs) and the appendicular skeleton (limbs).
When does intramembranous and endochondral ossification take place (roughly)?
between the sixth and seventh weeks of embryonic development
List the general steps of intramembranous ossification
Mesenchyme turns into osteoblasts, osteoblasts produce matrix and they get trapped, causing creation of spongy bone, then blood vessels, then the outer layer becomes compact bone
List general step of endochondral ossification. Where is the primary ossification center formed? Secondary ossification center?
Primary is at diaphysis, secondary at the epiphysis
List, in order, the steps of bone healing after a fracture
- Hematoma forms
- Fibrocartilaginous callus forms with blood vessels
- Bony callus forms
- Bone remodeling occurs
Osteoporosis
Holes; osteoclasts break down matrix (works harder than osteoblasts)
Osteomalacia (rickets)
Bone matrix not mineralized; not enough vitamin D/calcium added to matrix
Paget’s disease
Excessive remodeling of bone in an unorganized fashion
Where is vitamin D made? What is its significance to the skeletal system?
Synthesized in the skin with UV light; releases calcium for contraction
Why is it significant that chondroblasts are positioned between the perichondrium and
cartilage?
Positioned in between for room to grow
