Blood Vessels and Blood Flashcards
What is a portal system?
Blood passes through 2nd capillary bed before returning to heart
What are the blood vessels that lead from the capillary to the heart?
Veins
How does the blood pressure in arteries compare to blood pressure in veins? What are
mechanisms used to help get blood back to the heart?
Blood pressure in veins is lower than arteries. Smooth muscle!
What does systole mean? What does diastole mean?
Systole: arterial pressure when left ventricle contracts (high pressure)
Diastole: arterial pressure when left ventricle relaxes (low pressure)
What is an aneurysm? A DVT?
- Sac-like ballooning of artery or vein
- Clots (thrombi) form on venous cusps
Compare blood vessels to lymph vessels
- Blood: transport blood, continuous circuit
- Lymph: transport lymph, one way
List the three primary layers of blood vessel walls and what they are made of
Tunica intima : endothelium
Tunica media : smooth muscle
Tunica externa : loose areolar CT
What is a vaso vasorum? Where would you find one?
Large vessels with their own blood supply. Found in aorta and its branches
List, in order, the blood vessel types that are found throughout systemic circulation
arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries
What is a major difference between an elastic and a muscular artery?
Muscular arteries contain more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer than the elastic arteries
Of these, which is involved in regulating blood flow to tissues? Muscular arteries, arterioles, elastic arteries
Arterioles
Which tunic makes the walls of capillaries?
Tunic intima
What are the two vessels that are able to regulate blood flow to surrounding tissues?
muscular artery and arterioles
What happens when a precapillary sphincter closes?
Blood then passes through the the capillary bed via the metarteriole
What kind of antibodies does type AB blood produce? What type of antigens does type AB
blood produce?
Antibodies: none!
Antigens: A and B
What types of antigens does type O blood produce? What types of antibodies does type O
blood produce?
Antibodies: anti A and B
Antigens: none!
When is the Rh antigen a problem?
When having a baby that is the opposite Rh antigen as you
What does “formed elements” refer to? What are they? Which of these make the “buffy coat”?
- Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
- Buffy coat is leukocytes and platelets
What type of tissue is blood?
Connective tissue
Blood is made mostly of:
Plasma
What does fibrinogen do?
helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots to form
Red blood cell come from one precursor cell and white blood cells and platelets from another. T
or F? Explain.
True, An immature cell can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
Describe erythrocyte characteristics. Why do they not live very long?
- Anaerobic, full of hemoglobin, biconcave
- Doesn’t live very long because they are anucleate and do not have any organelles
What is a primary function of RBCs?
To carry oxygen into tissues
What would happen if iron was not available for hemoglobin formation?
hemoglobin cannot be formed and fewer RBCs are produced
What kind of antibodies does type AB blood produce? What type of antigens does type AB blood produce?
Antibodies: none
Antigens: A and B
What types of antigens does type O blood produce? What types of antibodies does type O blood produce?
Antibodies: anti A and B
Antigens: none
When is the Rh antigen a problem?
When carrying a baby that is the opposite of the mother
What kind of antibodies does type A blood produce? What type of antigens does type A blood produce?
Antibodies: Anti B
Antigens: A
What kind of antibodies does type B blood produce? What type of antigens does type B blood produce?
Antibodies: anti A
Antigens: B
What does “formed elements” refer to? What are they? Which of these make the “buffy coat”?
- Erythrocytes (rbc)
- leukocytes (wbc)
- platelets
- wbc and platelets make up the buffy coat
What type of tissue is blood?
Connective Tissue
Blood is made mostly of:
Plasma
What does fibrinogen do?
Lets the blood clot
Red blood cell come from one precursor cell and white blood cells and platelets from another. T or F? Explain.
T, all blood cells start as a base cell in bone marrow which then can be made into any type of blood cell
Describe erythrocyte characteristics. Why do they not live very long?
- anaerobic, full of hemoglobin, bi-concave
- They do not live long because they are anucleate and contain no organs
What is a primary function of RBCs?
To carry oxygen to tissues
What would happen if iron was not available for hemoglobin formation?
If iron was not available then there would be a lack of RBCs made
What is the term for blood cell formation?
hemopoiesis
What causes sickle cell anemia?
The mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells. one amino acid off
How are white blood cells able to move out of blood vessel walls?
diapedesis: squeeze through the small capillary walls, which are only one cell thick
What does it mean that WBCs are “complete” cells? What are WBCs involved with?
have nucleus and organelles
Are platelets a complete cell? Explain. What are platelets involved in?
- No because they do not have a nucleus
- Platelets are important in blood clotting
