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Anatomy > Blood Vessels and Blood > Flashcards

Blood Vessels and Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What is a portal system?

A

Blood passes through 2nd capillary bed before returning to heart

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2
Q

What are the blood vessels that lead from the capillary to the heart?

A

Veins

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3
Q

How does the blood pressure in arteries compare to blood pressure in veins? What are
mechanisms used to help get blood back to the heart?

A

Blood pressure in veins is lower than arteries. Smooth muscle!

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4
Q

What does systole mean? What does diastole mean?

A

Systole: arterial pressure when left ventricle contracts (high pressure)
Diastole: arterial pressure when left ventricle relaxes (low pressure)

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5
Q

What is an aneurysm? A DVT?

A
  • Sac-like ballooning of artery or vein
  • Clots (thrombi) form on venous cusps
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6
Q

Compare blood vessels to lymph vessels

A
  • Blood: transport blood, continuous circuit
  • Lymph: transport lymph, one way
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7
Q

List the three primary layers of blood vessel walls and what they are made of

A

Tunica intima : endothelium
Tunica media : smooth muscle
Tunica externa : loose areolar CT

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8
Q

What is a vaso vasorum? Where would you find one?

A

Large vessels with their own blood supply. Found in aorta and its branches

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9
Q

List, in order, the blood vessel types that are found throughout systemic circulation

A

arteries, then arterioles, then capillaries

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10
Q

What is a major difference between an elastic and a muscular artery?

A

Muscular arteries contain more smooth muscle cells in the tunica media layer than the elastic arteries

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11
Q

Of these, which is involved in regulating blood flow to tissues? Muscular arteries, arterioles, elastic arteries

A

Arterioles

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12
Q

Which tunic makes the walls of capillaries?

A

Tunic intima

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13
Q

What are the two vessels that are able to regulate blood flow to surrounding tissues?

A

muscular artery and arterioles

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14
Q

What happens when a precapillary sphincter closes?

A

Blood then passes through the the capillary bed via the metarteriole

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15
Q

What kind of antibodies does type AB blood produce? What type of antigens does type AB
blood produce?

A

Antibodies: none!
Antigens: A and B

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16
Q

What types of antigens does type O blood produce? What types of antibodies does type O
blood produce?

A

Antibodies: anti A and B
Antigens: none!

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17
Q

When is the Rh antigen a problem?

A

When having a baby that is the opposite Rh antigen as you

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18
Q

What does “formed elements” refer to? What are they? Which of these make the “buffy coat”?

A
  • Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
  • Buffy coat is leukocytes and platelets
19
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective tissue

20
Q

Blood is made mostly of:

A

Plasma

21
Q

What does fibrinogen do?

A

helps stop bleeding by helping blood clots to form

22
Q

Red blood cell come from one precursor cell and white blood cells and platelets from another. T
or F? Explain.

A

True, An immature cell can develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.

23
Q

Describe erythrocyte characteristics. Why do they not live very long?

A
  • Anaerobic, full of hemoglobin, biconcave
  • Doesn’t live very long because they are anucleate and do not have any organelles
24
Q

What is a primary function of RBCs?

A

To carry oxygen into tissues

25
Q

What would happen if iron was not available for hemoglobin formation?

A

hemoglobin cannot be formed and fewer RBCs are produced

26
Q

What kind of antibodies does type AB blood produce? What type of antigens does type AB blood produce?

A

Antibodies: none
Antigens: A and B

27
Q

What types of antigens does type O blood produce? What types of antibodies does type O blood produce?

A

Antibodies: anti A and B
Antigens: none

28
Q

When is the Rh antigen a problem?

A

When carrying a baby that is the opposite of the mother

29
Q

What kind of antibodies does type A blood produce? What type of antigens does type A blood produce?

A

Antibodies: Anti B
Antigens: A

30
Q

What kind of antibodies does type B blood produce? What type of antigens does type B blood produce?

A

Antibodies: anti A
Antigens: B

31
Q

What does “formed elements” refer to? What are they? Which of these make the “buffy coat”?

A
  • Erythrocytes (rbc)
  • leukocytes (wbc)
  • platelets
  • wbc and platelets make up the buffy coat
32
Q

What type of tissue is blood?

A

Connective Tissue

33
Q

Blood is made mostly of:

A

Plasma

34
Q

What does fibrinogen do?

A

Lets the blood clot

35
Q

Red blood cell come from one precursor cell and white blood cells and platelets from another. T or F? Explain.

A

T, all blood cells start as a base cell in bone marrow which then can be made into any type of blood cell

36
Q

Describe erythrocyte characteristics. Why do they not live very long?

A
  • anaerobic, full of hemoglobin, bi-concave
  • They do not live long because they are anucleate and contain no organs
37
Q

What is a primary function of RBCs?

A

To carry oxygen to tissues

38
Q

What would happen if iron was not available for hemoglobin formation?

A

If iron was not available then there would be a lack of RBCs made

39
Q

What is the term for blood cell formation?

A

hemopoiesis

40
Q

What causes sickle cell anemia?

A

The mutation causes hemoglobin molecules to stick together, creating sickle-shaped red blood cells. one amino acid off

41
Q

How are white blood cells able to move out of blood vessel walls?

A

diapedesis: squeeze through the small capillary walls, which are only one cell thick

42
Q

What does it mean that WBCs are “complete” cells? What are WBCs involved with?

A

have nucleus and organelles

43
Q

Are platelets a complete cell? Explain. What are platelets involved in?

A
  • No because they do not have a nucleus
  • Platelets are important in blood clotting

Anatomy (18 decks)

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