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Anatomy > Muscular System > Flashcards

Muscular System Flashcards

1
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • Moves skeleton
  • voluntary control
  • Striated
  • Multinucleated
  • Long, cylindrical fibers
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2
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • Heart wall
  • Involuntary
  • Striated
  • Uninucleated
  • Short, branched fibers
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3
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • Walls of hollow organs
  • Involuntary
  • NO striations
  • Uninucleated
  • Small, spindle shaped cells
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4
Q

Structure of muscle smallest to largest

A

sarcomere, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal muscle

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5
Q

What CT surrounds the whole muscle?

A
  • Epimysium
  • Dense irregular CT
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6
Q

What CT surrounds the fascicles?

A
  • Perimysium
  • Fibrous CT
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7
Q

CT surrounding individual muscle fibers?

A
  • Endomysium
  • Loose CT
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8
Q

Identify the levels of organization of a skeletal muscle from whole muscle to myofilament.

A

-muscle
-bundles of fibers (fascicles)
-individual muscle fibers (cells)
-myofibrils
-myofilaments (actin & myosin)

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9
Q

What protein makes up the thick filament?

A

myosin

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10
Q

what proteins are in thin filaments?

A

actin

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11
Q

What are the correct terms for the following found in muscle fibers?
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm

A
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Sarcolema
  • Sarcoplasm
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12
Q

What is a primary function of the T-tubules?

A

Carries electrical stimulus for myofibrils

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13
Q

Define “motor unit”

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

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14
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction? What occurs here and how is it related to muscle contraction?

A

Junction where neurons connects to fibers; neuron tells fiber to contract

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15
Q

List, in order from strongest to weakest, the following shapes of muscles:
- Convergent
- Parallel
- Pennate

A

Pennate, convergent, parallel

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16
Q

List, in order from the most able to shorten to the least able to shorten, the following muscles:
- Convergent
- Parallel
- Pennate

A

Parallel, convergent, pennate

17
Q

Parallel muscle

A

parallel to axis

18
Q

Unipennate muscle

A

connected at angle to one side to ligament

19
Q

Bipennate muscle

A

connected at angel to both sides

20
Q

Multipennate muscle

A

connected to many sides at an angle

21
Q

Differentiate between direct and indirect muscle attachments

A

Direct short, indirect long

22
Q

Differentiate between tendon and aponeurosis. Can you give an example for each?

A
  • tendon is ropelike (arms)
  • aponeurosis is like a flat sheet (abs)
23
Q

What is the significance of the bumps, ridges, and raised markings on bones?

A

Attachment marks for tendons/muscle

24
Q

Origin of a muscle

A
  • Moves less
  • Has more mass
  • Proximal end of attachment
25
Q

Insertion of a muscle

A
  • Moves more
  • Has less mass
  • Distal end of attachment
  • Moves closer to origin during contraction
26
Q

What does it mean that cardiac muscle cells have autorhythmicity? Do they function completely
without nervous input?

A
  • Does not need nervous input to contract
  • No, they need the brain to contain homeostasis to still act
27
Q

What anchors actin and myosin in smooth muscle cells?

A

Intermediate filaments

28
Q

Smooth muscle is often found in layers with cells oriented at angles to each other. What is the significance of this?

A

To make it stronger

29
Q

Elbow flexion and extension requires the coordinated action of a number of muscles. Please
give an example of a muscle for the following functional types of muscles involved in elbow
flexion and extension:
• Synergist
• Antagonist
• Prime mover
• Fixator

A
  • Synergist: Brachial and brachialis
  • Antagonist: Triceps
  • Prime mover: Brachialis
  • Fixator: Scapula
30
Q

What is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?

A

Acetylcholine

Anatomy (18 decks)

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