Muscular System Flashcards

(30 cards)

1
Q

Skeletal muscle

A
  • Moves skeleton
  • voluntary control
  • Striated
  • Multinucleated
  • Long, cylindrical fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Cardiac muscle

A
  • Heart wall
  • Involuntary
  • Striated
  • Uninucleated
  • Short, branched fibers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Smooth muscle

A
  • Walls of hollow organs
  • Involuntary
  • NO striations
  • Uninucleated
  • Small, spindle shaped cells
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Structure of muscle smallest to largest

A

sarcomere, myofibril, muscle fiber, fascicle, skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What CT surrounds the whole muscle?

A
  • Epimysium
  • Dense irregular CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What CT surrounds the fascicles?

A
  • Perimysium
  • Fibrous CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CT surrounding individual muscle fibers?

A
  • Endomysium
  • Loose CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Identify the levels of organization of a skeletal muscle from whole muscle to myofilament.

A

-muscle
-bundles of fibers (fascicles)
-individual muscle fibers (cells)
-myofibrils
-myofilaments (actin & myosin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What protein makes up the thick filament?

A

myosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what proteins are in thin filaments?

A

actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the correct terms for the following found in muscle fibers?
- Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm

A
  • Sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Sarcolema
  • Sarcoplasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a primary function of the T-tubules?

A

Carries electrical stimulus for myofibrils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define “motor unit”

A

A motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the neuromuscular junction? What occurs here and how is it related to muscle contraction?

A

Junction where neurons connects to fibers; neuron tells fiber to contract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

List, in order from strongest to weakest, the following shapes of muscles:
- Convergent
- Parallel
- Pennate

A

Pennate, convergent, parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List, in order from the most able to shorten to the least able to shorten, the following muscles:
- Convergent
- Parallel
- Pennate

A

Parallel, convergent, pennate

17
Q

Parallel muscle

A

parallel to axis

18
Q

Unipennate muscle

A

connected at angle to one side to ligament

19
Q

Bipennate muscle

A

connected at angel to both sides

20
Q

Multipennate muscle

A

connected to many sides at an angle

21
Q

Differentiate between direct and indirect muscle attachments

A

Direct short, indirect long

22
Q

Differentiate between tendon and aponeurosis. Can you give an example for each?

A
  • tendon is ropelike (arms)
  • aponeurosis is like a flat sheet (abs)
23
Q

What is the significance of the bumps, ridges, and raised markings on bones?

A

Attachment marks for tendons/muscle

24
Q

Origin of a muscle

A
  • Moves less
  • Has more mass
  • Proximal end of attachment
25
Insertion of a muscle
- Moves more - Has less mass - Distal end of attachment - Moves closer to origin during contraction
26
What does it mean that cardiac muscle cells have autorhythmicity? Do they function completely without nervous input?
- Does not need nervous input to contract - No, they need the brain to contain homeostasis to still act
27
What anchors actin and myosin in smooth muscle cells?
Intermediate filaments
28
Smooth muscle is often found in layers with cells oriented at angles to each other. What is the significance of this?
To make it stronger
29
Elbow flexion and extension requires the coordinated action of a number of muscles. Please give an example of a muscle for the following functional types of muscles involved in elbow flexion and extension: • Synergist • Antagonist • Prime mover • Fixator
- Synergist: Brachial and brachialis - Antagonist: Triceps - Prime mover: Brachialis - Fixator: Scapula
30
What is the neurotransmitter released at the neuromuscular junction?
Acetylcholine