Side-Effects of Common Diabetes Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 6 Oral Hypoglycaemics used to control diabetes.

A
  1. Metformin
  2. Sulphonylureas (Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glimepiride)
  3. Thiazolidinediones (TZD) (glitazones)
  4. DPP-4 Inhibitors (-gliptins)
  5. GLP-1 - Exentide, Liraglutide, lixisenatide)
  6. SGLT2 (-Flozins). (Dapagliflozin, Canagliflozin)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metformin

A

GI Side effects

Lactic Acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Sulfonylureas

(Gliclazide, Glipizide, Glibenclamide, Starts in Gli or Gly)

A
  1. Hypoglycaemic episodes
  2. Increased appetite and weight gain
  3. SIADH
  4. Liver dysfunction (cholestatic)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)

(Glitazones)

A
  1. Weight gain
  2. Fluid retention
  3. Liver dysfunction
  4. Fractures
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

DPP4 Inhibitors (Gliptins)

A
  1. Gastro-intestinal disturbances
  2. Nasopharyngitis
  3. Peripheral oedema
  4. Increased occurence of URTIs.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

GLP-1 Analogues (Exenatide, Liraglutide)

A
  1. Pancreatitis
  2. Renal Impairment
  3. GI

NOTE: These do not cause weight gain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

SGLT2 (-Flozins)

A
  1. Increased UTIs in women.
  2. Not recommended with loop diuretics or volume depleted - risk of dehydration
  3. Euglycaemic DKA

NOTE: These cause weight loss not weight gain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are 2 common side effects of insulin?

A
  1. Hypoglycaemia
  2. Lipodystrophy.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How can you prevent lipodystrophy?

A

Rotate injection sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a patient is concious and is having a hypoglycaemic episode, what should they be advised to do?

A
  • 10-20g of short acting carbohydrates
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What should every diabetic with insulin have?

A

A glucagon kit for emergencies when they cannot consume short acting carbohydrates/ unconcious.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What can happen to people who have freqent hypoglycaemic episodes?

How can you correct this?

A

They may have reduced hypoglycaemic awareness.

Let them run high for a while and their awareness will reset.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What medication also reduces glycaemic awareness?

A

Beta-Blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly