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Jason's GI Block > Shoulder/Elbow Anatomy > Flashcards

Shoulder/Elbow Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

describe synovial membrane?

A

highly vascular/neuro

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2
Q

what happens if you tear synovial membrane?

A

haemarthrosis

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3
Q

describe articular cartilage

A

on surface of bones in a joint
avascular
aneural

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4
Q

Fibrous capsule reinforced by 3 things

A

stabilizer muscles
intrinsic ligaments
extrinsic/accessory ligaments

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5
Q

what is the labrum for? 2 things

A

deepens glenoid

provides attachment site (e.g.. long head biceps)

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6
Q

what is intra-articular but extrasynovial in joints? purpose?

A

fat pad, used to distribute synovial fluid evenly during movement

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7
Q

What are discs and menisci for in joints? how are their blood and nerve supply?

A

weight bearing and shock absorption

blood and nerve supply to outer third

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8
Q

special feature of bursae?

A

may communicate with joint cavity/risk of infection spreading

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9
Q

characteristics of stable vs. mobile joints

A

congruent vs. incongruent articular surfaces
limited vs. increase ROM
tight vs. lax capsules/ligaments

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10
Q

4 main joints of the shoulder complex?

A

sternoclavicular
acromioclavicular
scapulothoracic
gleno-humeral

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11
Q

When do long bones ossify?

A

in utero at 8 weeks from transition from embryo to fetus

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12
Q

when do epiphyses appear?

A

generally after birth but if large baby could be before birth

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13
Q

What do the following humeral fractures endanger?

  1. surgical neck
  2. midshaft
  3. supracondylar
A
  1. axillary nerve
  2. radial nerve
  3. median nerve and brachial artery
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14
Q

difference between anatomical and surgical neck?

A

anatomical is end of capsule

surgical is common site of fracture

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15
Q

What is the point of the acromioclavicular joint?

A

give the shoulder girdle a ‘hinge’ to allow for scapulo-humeral rhythm and allow scapula to move along posterior chest well.

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16
Q

likely site of clavicle fracture?

A

max change of curvature between lateral 1/3 and medial 2/3

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17
Q

Key features of sternoclavicular joint? 3 things

A

intra-articular disc
strong capsule
costoclavicular ligament to limit movement

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18
Q

what does a intra-articular disc in the sternoclavicular joint do?

A

increases complexity of movement
lateral disc: elevation depression
medial disc: rotation about longitudinal axis

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19
Q

structures endangered during a sternoclavicular subluxation?

A

subclavian artery and vein

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20
Q

What are the coracoclavicular ligaments?

A

ligaments from coracoid process to clavicle: main stabilizers of acromioclavicular joint
prevent upward displacement of clavicle

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21
Q

what does the acromioclavicular ligament do?

A

prevent upward displacement of clavicle

22
Q

acromioclavicular joint is strong or weak capsule?

A

weak

23
Q

acromioclavicular subluxation grade 1,2,3?

A

1: stretched not torn
2. separation and AC ligaments torn
3. wide separation AC and coracoclavicular ligaments torn

24
Q

5 layers of GH joint?

A 
bones
labrum
capsule
tendons/rotator cuff
coraco-acromial ligaments/bursae
25
Q

where does the capsule attach above and below the head of the humerus?

A

above: anatomical neck
below: surgical neck (makes pouch for increased ROM)

26
Q

rotator cuff attachment blends into?

A

capsule

27
Q

what happens if rotator cuff weak?

A

deltoid pull humerus upwards and lead to impingment of supraspinatus

28
Q

what does the subacromial bursa do?

A

protects head of humerus from hitting acromion

29
Q

subacromial bursa communicates?

A

Nope.

30
Q

shoulder dislocation most common one is?

A

anterior-inferiorly

31
Q

how would a posterior shoulder dislocation happen?

A

electric shock

epileptic fit

32
Q

how to test if axillary nerve damaged by dislocation?

A

C5 dermatomes sensory test however it’s not perfect as peripheral nerves often overlap

33
Q

2 types of synovial joints of the elbow are?

A

hinge

pivot

34
Q

elbow complex has two joints, how many synovial cavities?

A

one

35
Q

capitulum vs. trochlea is where?

A

capitulum: lateral
trochlea: medial

36
Q

What is in the fossae of distal humerus?

A

fat pads

37
Q

what is the coronoid process?

A

part of the proximal ulnar that articulates with humerus

38
Q

what can be mistaken for a fracture on x-ray?

A

epiphyses -usually straight rather than jagged fracture

39
Q

3 main ligaments of elbow

A

lateral/radial collateral lig
medial/ulnar collateral lig
annular lig

40
Q

what allows pronation and supination

A

the LCL attaches to annular ligament rather than a bone

41
Q

what do the collateral ligaments resist in the elbow

A

abduction and adduction

42
Q

max stability in elbow when?

A

full extension

43
Q

what is the significance of carrying angle in elbow?

A

valgus could irritate ulnar nerve

44
Q

where are the traction epiphyses in the distal humerus?

A

epicondyles

45
Q

purpose of interosseus membrane?

A

allow pron/sup
transmit forces
attachment of muscles

46
Q

What does the inferior RU joint have?

A

triangular fibrocartilage complex (disc)

47
Q

in a ‘ring’ principle of bones what happens?

A

a fracture in one is associated with fracture in another

48
Q

what does the distal RU joint disc do? what happens with age?

A

stabilizes the joint

more perforated with age

49
Q

annular ligament in children is?

A

weaker more likely to dislocate with traction on extended arm

50
Q

what is most common dislocation/fracture in elbow?

A

posterior dislocation with coronoid process fracture

51
Q

whats the risk of a supracondylar fracture?

A

children more commonly damage brachial artery get Volkmann’s ischemia and avascular necrosis of forearm muscles

52
Q

what is suceptible to injury in medial epicondyle fracture?

A

ulnar nerve

Jason's GI Block (32 decks)

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