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Jason's GI Block > Anatomy I (Abdo Walls) > Flashcards

Anatomy I (Abdo Walls) Flashcards

1
Q

Name the layers from external to innermost

A

Skin>superficial fascia(fatty/membranous)>ext oblique>int oblique>transversus abdominus>transversalis fascia>extraperitoneal fascia>parietal peritoneal fascia

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2
Q

What is mesentery?

A

double fold of visceral peritoneum

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3
Q

How to the follow attach to the costal margins?

  1. external oblique
  2. internal oblique
  3. transversus abdominus
A
  1. overlaps
  2. edge to edge
  3. underlaps
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4
Q

3 layers of abdomen are _____laterally and ________medially?

A

fleshy

aponeurotic

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5
Q

describe the external oblique attachment inferiorly?

A

free inferior edge = inguinal ligament, from ASIS to pub tub with a triangular opening

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6
Q

Describe the external oblique’s posterior edge?

A

free

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7
Q

Describe the external oblique’s superior edge?

A

aponeurotic medially

attaches to pec major and serratus

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8
Q

What is the middle of the abdomen where the external oblique called?

A

raphe interdigitate

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9
Q

What are the conjoined tendons in the abdomen?

A

internal oblique and transversus abdominus insert together into the pubic crest

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10
Q

where do the lowermost fibres of internal oblique arise from?

A

lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament

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11
Q

Transversus abdominus: how does it attach to costal margins?

A

underlaps, continuous plane with diaphragm

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12
Q

internal oblique posterior origin?

A

thoracolumbar fascia

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13
Q

Where do the lowermost fibres of Transversus abdominus arrise from?

A

lateral 1/2 inguinal ligament

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14
Q

Transversus abdominus does what to insert inferiorly?

A

arches and joins with internal oblique conjoined tendon and inserts into public crest

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15
Q

the linea alba is in the centre of the abdomen, what lineas are on either side of the rectus abdominals?

A

linea semilunaris

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16
Q

Where is a marker of the gall bladder on the abdomen?

A

where the linea semilunaris and external oblique intersects

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17
Q

Where is the arcuate line?

A

2.5 cm below umbilicus

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18
Q

Whats different in an upper and lower transverse section of abdominal muscles?

A

upper-internal oblique splits around rectus abdominus

lower-int oblique and TA both run over the rectus abdominus

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19
Q

Which nerves and Where do the nerves of the abdomen run between?

A

T7-12 and run between internal oblique and transversus abdominus

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20
Q

the nerves of the abdomen: Umbilus is around?

A

T10

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21
Q

What nerves of the abdomen are between umbilicus and groin?

A

T11-12

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22
Q

Arteries of anterior abdominal wall?

A

internal thoracic
superior epigastic
inferior epigastric
superficial epigastric

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23
Q

venous drainage of anterior abdominal wall?

A

IVC and portal

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24
Q

Where does the teste develop?

A

in the extraperitoneal fat

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25
Q

How long does it take the teste to traverse into the scrotum?

A

3 days

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26
Q

Describe the route of the teste:

A

Start at the extra peritoneal fat in the poster lumbar region inside the abdominal cavity
Travel to the deep ring which is located in the aponeurosis of the transversis abdominis, half way between the ASIS and the pubic tubercle, a finger’s width above the inguinal ligament
Enter the inguinal canal
Travel down the canal and out the superficial ring (the triangle structure)
Go into the scotum

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27
Q

What are the 4 major muscles in the posterior abdomen?

A

quadratus lumborum
psoas major
Psoas minor
iliacus major

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28
Q

Where is psoas major located in term of near the vertebrae?

A

between bodies and transverse processes of vertebrae

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29
Q

What is the lateral edge of psoas major like?

A

straight but oblique

30
Q

Can you see the lateral edge of the psoas major on x-ray?

A

yes, abdominal x-ray

31
Q

Which vertebrae is psoas major originate?

A

inferior border of T12 to upper L5

32
Q

Along T12 to L5, psoas major also attaches to what along the way?

A

discs and the vertebral bodies

33
Q

Where does psoas major insert?

A

with iliacus via conjoined tendon into the lesser trochanter

34
Q

What are located behind the psoas? within the psoas? and in front of the psoas?

A

behind: lumbar vessels off of aorta
within: lumbar plexus, L1-4 ventral ramus
in front: sympathetic trunks

35
Q

how many people have psoas minor?

A

2/3rds of population

36
Q

Where is the origin and insertion of psoas minor?

A

origin: T12/L1

inserts with periosteum of pelvis

37
Q

Where does QL originate?

A

tip of lumbar transverse processes, inferior aspect of T12

38
Q

Where does QL insert?

A

top of iliac crest

39
Q

What does QL do?

A

stabilizer and flexor of spine

40
Q

iliacus fills in what?

A

fills in the smooth iliac fossa

41
Q

Where does is insert?

A

converges with psoas into the lesser trochanter

42
Q

Does iliacus psoas and QL all have their own fascia?

A

Iliacus and psoas does

QL does not

43
Q

Where is QL’s fascia?

A

within anterior compartment of thoracolumbar fascia

44
Q

How many compartments in thoracolumbar fascia?

A

3
anterior
middle
posterior

45
Q

Where does the posterior thoracolumbar fascia extend?

A

neck to sacrum

46
Q

Where does the anterior and middle thoracolumbar fascia extend?

A

only in thoracolumbar region

47
Q

how do you get a psoas abcess?

A

from TB when it’s in the bone, it can burst through but wont’ pierce lumbar fascia, it just runs down the psoas fascia and presents in the hip.

48
Q

thoracolumbar fascia is origin for what muscles?

A

internal oblique

transversus abdominis

49
Q

where in the peritoneum is the kidney?

A

retroperitoneal

50
Q

Kidneys are on which muscle?

A

QL

51
Q

kidneys are in the paravertebral gutter between which vertebrae?

A

T12 to L3

52
Q

Which kidney is lower? why?

A

right due to liver pushing down on it

53
Q

what’s the best approach surgically to get to kidneys?why?

A

posterior or lateral approach both extraperitoneal

54
Q

Dimensions of kidney?

A

10x5x2.5cm

55
Q

Which adrenal gland is a party hat/pyramidal?

A

right

56
Q

what is surrounded by its own fibrous capsule, surrounded by fat, then enclosed by peri-renal fat, then extra peritoneal fat?

A

kidney

57
Q

outer cortex of kidney is continuous or discontinuous?

A

continuous

58
Q

inner medulla of kidney is continuous or discontinuous?

A

discontinuous medullary pyramids with apex towards hilum

59
Q

Describe vessels front to back at the hilum of kidney.

A

renal vein
renal artery
uretery pelvis
nerves&lymphatics

60
Q

What’s in the renal sinus?

A

fat

61
Q

would you want an artery in front of a vein?

A

nope, it will compress it otherwise

62
Q

renal artery path from aorta?

A

behind the IVC

63
Q

Renal artery divides into how many segments?

A

5 functional segments so surgical resection is possible if needed

64
Q

Can you have more than one artery supplying the kidney?

A

in rare cases if in utero development, it doesn’t shed the accessory arteries as it moves, it could persist into adulthood

65
Q

Where do the renal veins drain?

A

IVC

66
Q

What is path of right and left renal veins into IVC?

A

Right: straight in
Left: over the aorta, with superior mesenteric artery

67
Q

Trace the main pathway of structures from cortex to ureter

A

Cortex>medulla>minor calyces>major calyces>renal pelvis>ureter

68
Q

how long are ureters and are they muscular?

A

yes muscular

25-30cm long

69
Q

Which muscle does the ureters it on?

A

psoas major

70
Q

how do ureters get blood supply?

A

pick up arteries along the way

71
Q

Where are the 3 places you can get kidney stones stuck in the ureter?

A
  1. uretopelvic junction
  2. crossing of iliac artery
  3. uretero-vesical junction

Jason's GI Block (32 decks)

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