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Jason's GI Block > Liver Enzymes & Dx > Flashcards

Liver Enzymes & Dx Flashcards

1
Q

AST and ALT are enzymes found where?

A

Cellular

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2
Q

Ferroxidase and proteases are enzymes found where?

A

Blood

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3
Q

Where is glutamate dehydrogenase found?

A

mitochondria

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4
Q

What was the older view of liver cell death?

A

swelling (mild)

rupture (severe)

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5
Q

What is the newer view of liver cell death?

A 
rupture (severe)
bleb formation (mild)
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6
Q

hepatocyte apoptosis sequence?

A

nuclear degen
cytoskeleton degen
membrane blebbing
shrinking

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7
Q

What liver enzymes are in membrane?

A

ALP

GGT

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8
Q

What liver enzymes are in cytoplasm

A

ALT
AST
LD

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9
Q

What liver enzymes are in mitochondria?

A

mAST

SOD

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10
Q

is ALT of AST more liver specific? why?

A

ALT

there is mAST in every cell that has mitochondria

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11
Q

AST>ALT means what?

A

acute, affecting mitochondria

Alcohol/toxins

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12
Q

ALT>AST means what?

A

chronic/resolving hepatitis

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13
Q

Why is AST removed faster than ALT?

A

AST smaller 36vs. 18 hours

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14
Q

What other viruses can cause hepatitis besides Hep A-E?

A

EBV
CMV
Q-Fever
Rubella

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15
Q

ALT levels for mild, moderate, severe Hep A infection?

A

250
1000
5000 (fulminant)

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16
Q

why is ALT elevated in the first place? Viruses don’t want to kill hepatocytes

A

Immune system CD8s apoptosing everything!!

17
Q

Acute Hep A ALT levels are what?

A

1000-5000

18
Q

Acute Hep B ALT core IgM levels what what?

A

2500-5000

19
Q

Chronic Hep B and C ALT surface Ag levels are what?

A

50–250

20
Q

Number one and two drug induced liver disease is?

A

Flucloxacillin

Amoxyclav

21
Q

4 drugs/toxins for hepatitis

A

antibiotics
statins
ethanol
paracetamol

22
Q

2 enzymes involved in biliary disease?

A

ALP

GGT

23
Q

What is GGT important for?

A

making glutathione

24
Q

2 kinds of biliary obstruction, they are? what are the GGT and ALP levels?

A

extrahepatic +++ GGT, ALP

intrahepatic +GGT, ALP

25
Q

correlation between alcohol and GGT induction?

A

Nope

26
Q

What is the most common enzyme elevated?

A

ALT/GGT

27
Q

what a huge risk factor for raised ALT/GGT?

A

obesity

28
Q

What’s the significant of increased fructose in our diet?

A

Fructose get made into fat rather than used as energy like glucose, could contribute to NAFLD

Jason's GI Block (32 decks)

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