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Jason's GI Block > GI Drugs 1&2 > Flashcards

GI Drugs 1&2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is omeprazole?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

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2
Q

Name 2 Proton Pump Inhibitors.

A

omeprazole

esomeprazole

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3
Q

What is Ranitidine?

A

Histamine H2 receptor antagonist

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4
Q

What is esomeprazole?

A

Proton Pump Inhibitor

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5
Q

what do Proton Pump Inhibitors do?

A

decrease gastric acid secretion,

potent irreversible binding

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6
Q

gynecomastia is a side effect of?

A

Ranitidine

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7
Q

Which antacid causes diarrhoea?

A

Magnesium hydroxide/carbonate/etc/

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8
Q

Which antacid(s) cause constipation?

A

Aluminum hydroxide

calcium carbonate

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9
Q

What can cause rebound acidity?

A

calcium carbonate

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10
Q

Sodium Bicarb is dangerous for kids because?

A

cause systemic alkalosis = kidney damage

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11
Q

What is sucralfate?

A

cytoprotective agent to ‘coat’ stomach again acid

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12
Q

Aluminum hydroxide side effect?

A

constipation

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13
Q

Name me a cytoprotective agent?

A

sucralfate

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14
Q

side effect of calcium carbonate?

A

constipation

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15
Q

Hyoscine butylbromide is a?

A

spasmolytic: muscarinic receptor antagonist

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16
Q

what is Hyoscine butylbromide used for?

A

block motility

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17
Q

Hyoscine butylbromide is tertiary or quaternary? absorbed?

A

quaternary

not absorbed

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18
Q

What is a direct spasmolytic?

A

mebeverine

peppermint oil

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19
Q

Misoprostol is a?

A

Protaglandin E analogue

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20
Q

What do Protaglandin E analogues do? 3 things

A

increase mucous
increase flow
decrease gastric secretions

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21
Q

Misoprotol and pregnant women =

A

DANGER, can cause uterine contractions leading to abortion

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22
Q

are antiemetic drugs for everyone?

A

nope, dangerous for kids/elderly cause of hydration

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23
Q

Name me a prostaglandin E analogue.

A

Misoprostol

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24
Q

Promethazine is a?

A

H1 receptor antagonist

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25
Q

big side effect of promethazine?

A

sedation

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26
Q

name a muscarinic receptor antagonist anti-emetic drug.

A

hyoscine hydrobromide

27
Q

name an H1 receptor antagonist:

A

promethazine

28
Q

What happens if you take Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists for too long?

A

risk of extrapyramidal side effects, parkinson’s like symptom

29
Q

What is prochlorperazine?

A

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists

30
Q

What does Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists drugs do?

A

anti-emetic

31
Q

Does Hyoscine hydrobromide absorbed? tertiary? quaternary?

A

tertiary

absorbed past blood brain barrier

32
Q

what is Prochlorperazine?

A

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists

33
Q

When do you normally use Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists ?

A

for nausea associated with cancer treatments

34
Q

What class of drugs were discovered within the Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists ?

A

anti-psychotics

35
Q

chemoreceptor trigger zone for vomiting is inside or outside blood brain barrier? why?

A

outside so susceptible to more different kinds of stimuli

36
Q

how to treat gastric stasis or gastroparesis?

A

metoclopramide cause it’s a pro-motility drug (5HT4 agonist)

37
Q

What is ondansetron?

A

seretonin 5HT3 antagonist antiemetic

38
Q

What does a 5HT4 agonist do?

A

increase upper gastric motility, no diarrhoea

39
Q

What is Aprepinant?

A

Neurokinin 1 anti-emetic

40
Q

dexamathasone used for what?

A

severe vomiting

41
Q

Cannabanoids have have what kind of effects on vomiting?

A

anti-emetic

42
Q

why does it take longer to poo again after laxative?

A

entire colon is empty, takes time to refill

43
Q

what happens if you have too much fibre and slow transit?

A

impacted bowel

44
Q

Name a Neurokinin-1 Receptor antagonist.

A

Aprepinant

45
Q

definition of constipation?

A

less than 3 times a week with straining and hard stool

46
Q

What can drugs cause constipation?

A

antipsychotics
alum/Ca antacids
Opiods

47
Q

Name 2 bulking agents

A

Bran

Psyllium

48
Q

How do bulking agents work?

A

absorb water>more bulk>stim bowel stretch receptors>poo

49
Q

name a faecal softener/lubricant

A

docusate

50
Q

Docusate with Senna is what?

A

faecal softener with a stimulant laxative

51
Q

What was used as a faecal lubricant in the old days

A

liquid paraffin

52
Q

Name a saline osmotic laxative?

A

Magnesium sulphate(Epsom salts)

53
Q

What is a disaccharide hydrophilic colloid?

A

Lactulose: increases bulk via osmosis

54
Q

Sorbitol is a?

A

polyols

55
Q

Magnesium sulphate(Epsom salts) are?

A

saline osmotic laxative

56
Q

What is bisacodyl?

A

potent stimulant laxative

57
Q

Name 2 stimulant laxatives

A

bisacodyl

senna

58
Q

name a polyol similar to lactulose

A

sorbitol

59
Q

Lactulose is what kind of drug?

A

disaccharide hydrophilic colloid

60
Q

what is coloxil? when do you use it?

A

docusate + senna

to counter effects of opioids

61
Q

Name one opioid antidiarrhoeal drug

A

loperamide

62
Q

What is simethicone?

A

defoaming polymer for flatulence treatment

63
Q

What is loperamide?

A

opioid antidiarrhoeal drug

Jason's GI Block (32 decks)

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