GI Immunopathology Flashcards
5 cardinal signs of inflammation in latin please:
calor (heat) dolor (pain) rubor (red) tumor (swelling) functio laesa
interleukin-1 is an enzyme?
nope. Protein
Bacteria work best at which temperatures usually?
36 degrees or lower
what happens if you inject 300ng/kg of interleukin-1 alpha or beta?
mimics septic shock symptoms
how do you activate interleukin-1 alpha or beta?
must be cleaved by interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) at 116
what is Familial cold urticaria?
rare disease, acute inflam to cold. mutation to cryopyrin (ie. NOD-like receptor)
IL-1 converting enzyme is now called what?
Caspase-1
what is needed to induce pro IL-1?
TLR activation
what is an inflammasome?
group of proteins focused on converting pro IL-1 into it’s active form
in Gout, what is good at activating inflammasomes?
monosodium-urate crystals
what is Anakinra?
IL-1 receptor antagonist
Anakinra use?
gout symptoms
rheumatoid arthritis
OA
DMII(?)
contraindication for Anakinra?
neutropenia
infections and inflammasomes, describe
many signals, toxins, PAMPS, etc. can activate inflammasomes
One way a salmonella bacterium hidden in macrophages get cleared out?
inflammasomes in cells that are activated usually die and the bacteria get exposed
what is the inflammatory form of cell death called?
pyroptosis
salmonella in dendritic cell, how does it recruit CD8+ cells?
releases IL-18>CD8+>IFN-y = intracellular pathogen clearance
8 features of metabolic syndrome
Heart Disease
Hypertension
DMII
Lipid problems
Dementia
Cancer
Non-alcoholic fatty liver
Polysystic ovarian syndrome
HHDL DCNP
HHDL (DeCent NaP)
How do you get liver disease from metabolic syndrome?
from insulin resistance due to atherosclerosis activating chronic IL-1
main sequence in metabolic syndrome?
fat into tissues, precipitates>forms crystals>inflammasomes>IL-1>insulin resistance>hapatocyte damage>liver cancer and diabetes
