GI Immunopathology

Question 1

5 cardinal signs of inflammation in latin please:

Answer 1

calor (heat)
dolor (pain)
rubor (red)
tumor (swelling)
functio laesa

Question 2

interleukin-1 is an enzyme?

Answer 2

nope. Protein

Question 3

Bacteria work best at which temperatures usually?

Answer 3

36 degrees or lower

Question 4

what happens if you inject 300ng/kg of interleukin-1 alpha or beta?

Answer 4

mimics septic shock symptoms

Question 5

how do you activate interleukin-1 alpha or beta?

Answer 5

must be cleaved by interleukin converting enzyme (ICE) at 116

Question 6

what is Familial cold urticaria?

Answer 6

rare disease, acute inflam to cold. mutation to cryopyrin (ie. NOD-like receptor)

Question 7

IL-1 converting enzyme is now called what?

Answer 7

Caspase-1

Question 8

what is needed to induce pro IL-1?

Answer 8

TLR activation

Question 9

what is an inflammasome?

Answer 9

group of proteins focused on converting pro IL-1 into it’s active form

Question 10

in Gout, what is good at activating inflammasomes?

Answer 10

monosodium-urate crystals

Question 11

what is Anakinra?

Answer 11

IL-1 receptor antagonist

Question 12

Anakinra use?

Answer 12

gout symptoms
rheumatoid arthritis
OA
DMII(?)

Question 13

contraindication for Anakinra?

Answer 13

neutropenia

Question 14

infections and inflammasomes, describe

Answer 14

many signals, toxins, PAMPS, etc. can activate inflammasomes

Question 15

One way a salmonella bacterium hidden in macrophages get cleared out?

Answer 15

inflammasomes in cells that are activated usually die and the bacteria get exposed

Question 16

what is the inflammatory form of cell death called?

Answer 16

pyroptosis

Question 17

salmonella in dendritic cell, how does it recruit CD8+ cells?

Answer 17

releases IL-18>CD8+>IFN-y = intracellular pathogen clearance

Question 18

8 features of metabolic syndrome

Answer 18

Heart Disease
Hypertension
DMII
Lipid problems

Dementia
Cancer
Non-alcoholic fatty liver
Polysystic ovarian syndrome

HHDL DCNP
HHDL (DeCent NaP)

Question 19

How do you get liver disease from metabolic syndrome?

Answer 19

from insulin resistance due to atherosclerosis activating chronic IL-1

Question 20

main sequence in metabolic syndrome?

Answer 20

fat into tissues, precipitates>forms crystals>inflammasomes>IL-1>insulin resistance>hapatocyte damage>liver cancer and diabetes