Abdo Radiology

Question 1

PET scans useful in what dx?

Answer 1

cancer

Question 2

nuclear medicine uses what?

Answer 2

gamma rays

Question 3

Who is Wilhelm Roentgen?

Answer 3

discovered x-rays in 1895

Question 4

3 things that affect x-ray absorption:

Answer 4

thickness of tissue
density of tissue
Atomic number of tissue

Question 5

increasing Atomic number will increase tissue absorption is by how much

Answer 5

the the 4th power

Question 6

2 ways to improve on x-rays

Answer 6

introduce contrast
increase sensitivity (CT scan)

Question 7

2 kinds of contrast

Answer 7

barium (Atomic 56)

iodine (atomic 53)

Question 8

2 ways of barium into the system

Answer 8

barium meal (hernias)
barium enema (colon carcinoma)

Question 9

What is ERCP?

Answer 9

Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography?

Question 10

What is Endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography?

Answer 10

injecting iodine into bile duct through a long ass scope via the mouth

Question 11

What is Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography?

Answer 11

injecting bile duct through the liver using fluroscopy

Question 12

2 places to inject intravascular contrast medium:

Answer 12

intravenous

intraarterial

Question 13

Why use intravascular contrast?

Answer 13

helps see kidney structures

Question 14

Angiography is for what?

Answer 14

visualizing lumen of vessels

Question 15

Intravenous contrast with biliary excretion is for what?

Answer 15

trace path of the billirubin like contrast from hepatocytes into bile ducts then CT it

Question 16

What is the Hounsfield unit?

Answer 16

how much absorption to different tissues, an objective grayscale measuring tool

Question 17

Radioissotope imaging involves what?

Answer 17

injecting intravenous radioisotopes that release gamma rays and recorded on ‘camera’

Question 18

Example of radioisotope imaging?

Answer 18

radioisotope attached to bilirubin-like molecule to visualize gall bladder etc.

Question 19

describe the wavelength and frequency of ultrasound

Answer 19

short wavelength
high frequency (3MHz)

Question 20

low or high frequency travels farther?

Answer 20

low

Question 21

How does ultrasound produce image?

Answer 21

records echos derived from known speed of sound in tissues

Question 22

ultrasound doesn’t work well through what?

Answer 22

bone and air in lungs

Question 23

doppler is what?

Answer 23

perceived change in frequency due to relative movement of source and observer

Question 24

what is doppler used for?

Answer 24

seeing blood flow velocity

Question 25

MRI uses how many Tesla?

Answer 25

0.3 - 3.0 Tesla

Question 26

1.5 T MRI is how many times earth magnetic field?

Answer 26

30 000 times

Question 27

What is Magnetic Resonance Cholangio-Pancreatography

Answer 27

injecting pancreas vessels with contrast and then MRI image it.

Question 28

MRI relies on what of the atoms?

Answer 28

non-random alignment and spin of Hydrogen atoms usually to get the magnetic moment

Question 29

Can you see the edge of the psoas muscle on x-ray?

Answer 29

yes

Question 30

Do we do barium enemas a lot these days?

Answer 30

Nope. normally endoscopy

Question 31

How much % does portal vein vs. hepatic artery supply the liver?

Answer 31

portal vein: 75%

hepatic artery: 25%

Question 32

What drains the liver? 3 things.

Answer 32

Hepatic Veins
Left
Middle
Right

Question 33

What is the ‘newer’ divider for left and right liver?

Answer 33

middle hepatic vein to the gall bladder protrusion