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Jason's GI Block > Parasites 1&2 > Flashcards

Parasites 1&2 Flashcards

0
Q

examples of protozoal parasites

A

entamoeba hystolytica
giardia intestinalis
toxoplasma gondii

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1
Q

Lice, Mites and Ticks are what kind of parasites?

A

Ectoparasites

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2
Q

parasite definition?

A

metabolically dependent organism

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3
Q

what is a reservoir host?

A

animal can be infected and also infect people

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4
Q

what is intermediate host?

A

parasite doesn’t reach sexual maturity

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5
Q

what is paratenic host?

A

parasite does not undergo development but remains infective

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6
Q

what is definitive host?

A

parasite reaches sexual maturity

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7
Q

Lice is broad or focused as a species?

A

focused, pubic lice can’t infect your head and vice versa

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8
Q

what is pediculus humanis?

A

lice that infects body hair

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9
Q

lice infection aka:

A

pediculosis

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10
Q

what is ‘crabs’?

A

phthirus pubis

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11
Q

body louse lay eggs where?

A

on clothing

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12
Q

why would there be a resurgence in lice nowadays?

A

resistance to insecticide

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13
Q

why is lice a stigma?

A

used to be lice = poor hygiene

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14
Q

what were vectors of rickettsia, typhus and trench fever?

A

lice

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15
Q

Mites aka?

A

scabies

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16
Q

what happens if you scratch mites?

A

drives the eggs farther into your skin

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17
Q

size of scabies?

A

less than 0.5 mm in size

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18
Q

mites/scabies life cycle? where do they prefer to live?

A

single host in fingerwebs, elbows, axillae, genitals

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19
Q

treatment for mites/scabies?

A

ivermectin

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20
Q

mites will survive long time without a host?

A

nope will die pretty quickly

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21
Q

Ticks are vectors for?

A

infectious agents: viral, bac, protozoal, rickettsial

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22
Q

ticks and paralysis. Go.

A

secrete neurotoxin to anesthetize area and can cause ascending paralysis and possible Guillan-Barre

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23
Q

what is Ixodes holocyclus?

A

tick that causes rapid ascending paralysis

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24
Q

Lyme disease in Australia?

A

no epidemiological evidence really.

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25
Q

how to treat ticks?

A

remove them

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26
Q

are protozoa parasitic?

A

not really, can live freely outside of hosts

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27
Q

2 forms of the protozoa?

A

cyst - inactive robust

trophozoate: active, invasive

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28
Q

what is the most common amoeba human infection?

A

enamoeba histolytica

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29
Q

how is enamoeba histolytica transmitted and where does it invade?

A

invades in colon

transmitted faecal-oral

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30
Q

can enamoeba histolytica cause extra-intestinal infection? where?

A

yes

liver and brain abcess

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31
Q

enamoeba histolytica causes what kind of diarrhoea?

A

dysentry

large volume

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32
Q

treatment for enamoeba histolytica?

A

metronidazole + paromomycin, drainage of abscess

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33
Q

immunity for enamoeba histolytica?

A

nope, re-infection common

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34
Q

how long can Giardia intestinalis survive without host?

A

few months

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35
Q

Giardia intestinalis transmission? 2 things.

A

faecal-oral

zoonotic

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36
Q

presentation of Giardia intestinalis ?

A

subacute diarrhoea for some weeks, could resolve

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37
Q

treatment for Giardia intestinalis ?

A

tinidazole

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38
Q

toxoplasma gondii cysts are where usually?

A

muscle

39
Q

toxoplasma gondii a parasite?

A

yes. obligate intracellular

40
Q

toxoplasma gondii in Australia usually found where?

A

domestic cats

undercooked meat

41
Q

toxoplasma gondii symptoms in regular folk?

A

asymptomatic. lifetime infection

42
Q

when is toxoplasma gondii dangerous? 2 scenarios

A

organ transplant

fetus in pregnant woman

43
Q

treatment for toxoplasma gondii?

A

bactrim or nil

44
Q

diagnosis for toxoplasma gondii?

A

serology

45
Q

3 major types of helminths?

A

roundworms
tapeworms
flukes

46
Q

helminths have organ systems?

A

limited, not really.

47
Q

what is the only helminth that can complete full cycle in human?

A

roundworm: strongyloides

48
Q

what are nematodes?

A

roundworms

49
Q

name 3 roundworms

A

pinworms
ascaris
strongyloides

50
Q

what is schistosoma?

A

flukes

51
Q

name two tape worms

A

echinococcus

Taenia

52
Q

Which worm crawls out of anus to lay eggs at night and crawl back in?

A

pinworm

53
Q

what is enterobius vermicularis?

A

pinworm

54
Q

pinworm symptoms? how long it lasts?

A

itchy. lasts 4-6 weeks untreated if you can break the cycle

55
Q

where do male and female pinworms mate?

A

in your cecum. Giggidy Giggidy.

56
Q

treatment for pinworm?

A

antihelminthic

57
Q

is pinworm chronic?

A

not really. frequent re-introduction

58
Q

what’s the main problem with ascaris lumbricoids?

A

physical size of the worms: 30-40cm long causing GI obstruction

59
Q

how many eggs does ascaris lumbricoids lay per day?

A

200 000

60
Q

where do the eggs hatche for ascaris lumbricoids?

A

in soil

61
Q

how can ascaris lumbricoids infection mimic asthma, bronchitis, pneumonia?

A

larvae penetrate small intestine>hepatic circulation>lungs>alveolar space>trachea>reswallowed

62
Q

ascaris lumbricoids in cold soil?

A

likes warm soil better

63
Q

how can you rule out ascaris lumbricoids?

A

if they have been out of endemic area for 2 years or more

64
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis infects how?

A

penetrates skin via feet

65
Q

where does embryonisation occur?

A

in colon

66
Q

what dangerous about skin penetrating Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

can bring gram -ve bacteria with it, dangerous in immunocompromised or cause sepsis

67
Q

Strongyloides stercoralis needs soil to complete life cycle?

A

nope. can have autoinfection in humans

68
Q

obstruction in Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

nope. many symptomatic

69
Q

dx of Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

eggs in faeces and serology

70
Q

2 disease control for Strongyloides stercoralis?

A

shoes and sewage disposal

71
Q

what are trematodes?

A

flukes

72
Q

are flukes parasitic?

A

yes must live on host

73
Q

what is schistosoma mansonii?

A

fluke

74
Q

where does schistosoma mansonii live?

A

mucosal associated intestinal veins

75
Q

how is schistosoma mansonii transmitted?

A

fresh water snails

76
Q

schistosoma mansonii larva penetrate how?

A

through skin through fresh water

77
Q

are reinfections of schistosoma mansonii common?

A

yes

78
Q

tape worms parasitic?

A

yes all are

79
Q

example of tape work?

A

Echinococcus granulosus

80
Q

humans host for Echinococcus granulosus?

A

accidental intermediate hosts

81
Q

Echinococcus granulosus what kind of infection?

A

zoonotic

82
Q

what do hydatid cysts come from?

A

Echinococcus granulosus (tape worm)

83
Q

Echinococcus granulosus common?

A

less than 5 cases/year in victoria

84
Q

what is hyperendemic dur to transmission by dingos, feral pigs, etc.?

A

tape worms: Echinococcus granulosus

85
Q

can Echinococcus granulosus in liver and lungs persist?

A

yes for years, compressing organs

86
Q

what is the PAIR treatment for Echinococcus granulosus cyst? or hydatids disease?

A

puncture
aspiration
injection
re-aspiration

87
Q

immune response to hydatid cysts?

A

not really unless the cyst breaks (anaphylaxis)

88
Q

What causes neurocystercercosis?

A

Taenia parasite

89
Q

Taeniasis infects how?

A

zoonotic infection

90
Q

What is taeniasis worm?

A

tapeworm up to 10m long

91
Q

how many eggs do taeniasis produce per day?

A

300 000

92
Q

taeniasis is major cause of what in endemic countries?

A

neurological disease

93
Q

do you normally remove a Taenia solium cyst in the brain?

A

nope, usually leave for risk of burst/seizures

94
Q

avoid raw pork, it might have?

A

Taenia solium(tapeworm)

Jason's GI Block (32 decks)

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