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GBE > Shoulder and arm I > Flashcards

Shoulder and arm I Flashcards

1
Q

What is raising your shoulders called?

A

Elevation

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2
Q

What is lowering your shoulders called?

A

Depression

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3
Q

What is bringing your shoulders forward called?

A

Protraction

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4
Q

What is bringing your shoulders back called?

A

Retraction

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5
Q

What is bringing you arms above your head called at your shoulders

A

Upward rotation

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6
Q

What is lowering your arms called at the shoulder?

A

Downwards rotation

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7
Q

What are the deep posterior axioappendicular muscles?

A

Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

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8
Q

What are the superficial posterior axioappendicular muscles?

A

Trapezius
Latissimus dorsi
Serratus anterior

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9
Q

What do deep posterior axio appendicular muscles do?

A

Elevate, retract, rotate scapula

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10
Q

What do superficial posterior axio appendicular muscles do?

A

Extend, adduct and medially rotate humerus

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11
Q

Describe levator scapulae

A

O: transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae
A: medial border of scapulae
I: dorsal scapular nerve
F: elevate, retract, rotate scapula

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12
Q

What is the origin of levator spinae

A

Transverse processes of C1-C4 vertebrae

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13
Q

What is the attachment of levator spinae

A

Medial border of the scapula

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14
Q

What is the innervation of levator spinae

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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15
Q

What is the function of levator spinae

A

Elevation, retraction and rotation of scapula

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16
Q

Describe rhomboid major

A

O: spinous processes of T2-T5
A: medial border of scapula, below the spine of the scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve
F: elevation, retraction and rotation of scapula

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17
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid major?

A

Spinous processes of T2-T5

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18
Q

What is the attachment of rhomboid major?

A

Medial border of scapula, below the spine of the scapula

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19
Q

What is the innervation of rhomboid major?

A

The dorsal scapular nerve

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20
Q

What is the function of rhomboid major?

A

Elevate, retract, rotate scapula

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21
Q

Describe rhomboid minor?

A

O: transverse processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
A: medial border of scapula
I: dorsal scapular nerve
F: Elevates, retracts, rotates scapula

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22
Q

What is the origin of rhomboid minor?

A

Transverse processes of C7-T1

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23
Q

What is the attachment of rhomboid minor?

A

Medial border of scapula

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24
Q

What is the innervation of rhomboid minor?

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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25
Q

What is the function of rhomboid minor?

A

Elevate, retract, rotates scapula

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26
Q

What do the superficial axioappendicular muscles do?

A

Extend, adduct, medially rotate the humerus at the GH joint

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27
Q

What are the superficial axioappendicular muscles?

A

Latissimus dorsi
Trapezius
Serratus anterior

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28
Q

Describe latissimus dorsi

A

O: T6-T12 + iliac crest + thoracocolumnar fascia + inf 3 ribs
A: fibres converge to a tendon at the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
I: thoracodorsal nerve
F: Extension, adduction, medial rotation

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29
Q

What is the origin of latissimus dorsi?

A

T6-T12, iliac crest, thoracocolumnar fascia + inf 3 ribs

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30
Q

What is the attachment of latissimus dorsi?

A

Fibres converge to a tendon at the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

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31
Q

What is the innervation of latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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32
Q

Describe trapezius

A

O: Skull, C7-T12
A: Clavicle and acromion spine of scapula
I: Motor via accessory nerve and proprioception via C3,4
Fn: extension, adduction and medial rotation of humerus at GH joint

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33
Q

What is the origin of trapezius?

A

Skull, C7-T12

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34
Q

What is the attachment of trapezius?

A

Clavicle and the acromion of the scapula

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35
Q

What is the innervation of trapezius?

A

motor via accessory nerve (CXI)

proprioceptive via C3,4

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36
Q

What is the function of trapezius?

A

extension, adduction and lateral rotation of the humerus

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37
Q

Describe serratus anterior

A

O: lateral aspects of ribs 1-8
A: medial border of the scapula against the ribcage
I: long thoracic nerve
Fn: protracts and rotates scapula

38
Q

What is the origin of serratus anterior?

A

Lateral aspects of ribs 1-8

39
Q

What is the attachment of serratus anterior?

A

Medial border of the scapula against the rib cage

40
Q

What is the innervation of serratus anterior?

A

Long dorsal nerve

41
Q

What is the function of serratus anterior?

A

protraction and rotation of scapula

42
Q

What are the anterior axioappendicular muscles?

A

Pec major, minor

subclavius

43
Q

Describe pec major

A

O: ant surface of the medial clavicle, anterior surface of sternum, 6 costal cartilages and then aponeurosis of the ext oblique
A: intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
I: lateral and medial pectoral nerves
Fn: adduction, flexion, medial rotation of humerus

44
Q

What is the origin of pec major

A

ant surface of the medial clavicle + ant surface of the sternum, 6 costal cartilages, aponeurosis of the external oblique

45
Q

What is the attachment of pec major?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

46
Q

What is the innervation of pec major?

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

47
Q

What is the function of pec major?

A

Adduction, medial rotation, flexion of the humerus

48
Q

Describe pec minor

A

O: ribs 3-5
A: coracoid process of scapula
I: medial pectoral nerve
Fn: depression and protraction of scapula

49
Q

What is the origin of pec minor?

A

Ribs 3-5

50
Q

What is the attachment of pec minor?

A

Coracoid process of scapula

51
Q

What is the innervation of pec minor?

A

Medical pectoral nerve

52
Q

What is the function of pec minor?

A

Protraction and depression

53
Q

Describe subclavius

A

O: junction of first rib and costal cartilage
A: inf surface of the middle 1/3 of clavicle
I: nerve to subclavius
Fn: depresses clavicle

54
Q

What is the scapulo-humeral rhythm?

A

When there is 180 degree abduction of the arm; 120 comes from GH joint and 60 from rotation of scapula

55
Q

What is the function of the articular capsule of the GH joint?

A

Allows for complete abduction of the arm

56
Q

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

A

Synovial, ball + socket

57
Q

What are the ligaments of the glenohumeral joint?

A

Coracohumeral
glenohumeral (sup, mid, inf)
acromioclavicular
trapezoid + conoid = coracoclavicular lig

58
Q

Describe the deltoid muscle

A 
O: scapula and clavicle
A: deltoid tuberosity on lateral surface of humerus
I: axillary nerve
Fn: depends on fibre.
ant - flexion and medial rotation
post - extension and lateral rotation
middle - abductor of arm >15*
59
Q

What is the origin of the deltoid muscle

A

Scapula and clavicle

60
Q

What is the attachment of the deltoid

A

deltoid tuberosity of humerus

61
Q

What is the innervation of deltoid

A

axillary nerve

62
Q

What are the functions of deltoid?

A

Ant: flexion and medial rotation
Post: extension and lateral rotation
Middle: abductor >15*

63
Q

What are the muscles on the posterior of the scapula?

A 
TITS
Teres major
infraspinatus
teres minor
supraspinatus
64
Q

Describe teres major

A

O: post surface of inf angle of scapula
A: intertubercular groove of humerus
I: lower subscapular nerve
Fn: adduction + medial rotation

65
Q

What is the origin of teres major?

A

The post surface of int angle of scapula

66
Q

What is the attachment of teres major?

A

Intertubercular sulcus of humerus

67
Q

What is the innervation of teres major?

A

Lower subscapular nerve

68
Q

What is the function of teres major?

A

Adduction and medial rotation of arm

69
Q

Describe infraspinatous

A

O: infraspinous fossa of the scapula
A: greater tubercle of humerus
I: suprascapular nerve
Fn: lateral rotation of the arm

70
Q

What is the attachment of infraspinatous?

A

Greater tubercle of the humerus

71
Q

What is the origin of infraspinatous?

A

Infraspinous fossa of the scapula

72
Q

What is the innervation of infraspinatous?

A

Suprascapular nerve

73
Q

What is the function of infraspinatous?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

74
Q

Describe teres minor

A

O: posterior surface of the scapula
A: greater tubercle of the humerus
I: axillary nerve
Fn: laterally rotates arm

75
Q

What is the origin of teres minor?

A

posterior surface of the scapula

76
Q

What is the attachment of teres minor?

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

77
Q

What is the innervation of teres minor?

A

The axillary nerve

78
Q

What is the function of teres minor?

A

Lateral rotation of the arm

79
Q

Describe supraspinatus

A

O: supraspinous fossa of the scapula
A: greater tubercle of the humerus
I: suprascapular nerve
Fn: starts abduction of the arm <15*

80
Q

What is the origin of supraspinatus

A

Supraspinous foss of scapula

81
Q

What is the attachment of supraspinatus

A

greater tubercle of the humerus

82
Q

What is the innervation of supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

83
Q

What is the function of supraspinatous

A

Starts abduction of the arm <15*

84
Q

How do you remember the attachment of the TITS muscles?

A

ITS attaches to the greater tubercle of the humerus except

Teres major attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus

85
Q

Describe subscapularis

A

O: subscapular fossa of scapula
A: lesser tubercle of the humerus
I: upper + lower subscapular nerve
Fn: medial rotation of the arm

86
Q

Is the greater tubercle medial or lateral to the lesser tubercle on the humerus

A

lateral

87
Q

What is the origin of susbapularis?

A

Subscapular fossa of the scapula

88
Q

What is the attachment of subscapularis?

A

Lesser tubercle of the humerus

89
Q

What is the innervation of subscapularis?

A

upper and lower subscapular nerve

90
Q

What is the function of subscapularis?

A

Medial rotation of the arm

91
Q

What are the muscles that make up the rotator cuff?

A 
SITS
Subscapularis
Infraspinous
Teres minor
Supraspinous

GBE (48 decks)

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