Cellular structure of nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the speed of transmission at the axon hillock

A

1000 um/msec

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2
Q

What is an electrical synapse

A

Gap junction - couples electrical activity of two cells by allowing bidirectional ion flow. Useful when you want many cells to do the same thing at the same time

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3
Q

What is a chemical synapse

A

A normal synapse with presynaptic neurotransmitters and postsynaptic receptors
0.3-0.5 msec delay
Unidirectional
Possible to be hyperpolarising and depolarising

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4
Q

What feature do dentrites have that can help modulate synapse amplitude

A

Spines on the dendrites are dynamic and are controlled to adjust the amplitude of the synapse

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5
Q

What is the importance of dendrite complexity

A
Shape of dendritic tree affects function; more distal dendites have a lower efficacy than ones closer to the soma (body) of the neuron. 
Coincidence detectors (ie signals detected from both ears at once)
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6
Q

What are the effects of demylination

A

slowing down or even stopping synaptic transmission

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7
Q

What is the name of the mode of conduction down the axon of a neuron called

A

Saltatory conduction - jumping from one node of Ranvier to the next

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8
Q

What is the difference between white and grey matter

A

white matter is myelinated

grey matter is not

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9
Q

What is the effect of neural layering in the brain

A

layering allows for compartmentalisation of modules of the brain therefore is a better spacial distribution

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10
Q

What are some layering diseases

A

Double cortex syndrome
X-linked lishencephaly (no bumps on brain)
heterotropias

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11
Q

What are the types of neurons

A
projection
local 
motor
sensory
presynaptic 
postganglionic
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12
Q

In which cortical layer do projection neurons live

A

5

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13
Q

How many cortical layers are there

A

6

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14
Q

In embryonic development how does the PNS develop

A

from the neural crest - exiting through the dorsal tube

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15
Q

Describe how different cell types are determined in the development of the nervous system

A

the DV (dorsal ventral) position

Cells arise from the inner ventricular space and then migrate

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16
Q

What are the types of migration that a cell can do when it is formed in the nervous system

A

radial and tangential

17
Q

What cells deposit myelin in the CNS

A

oligodendricytes

18
Q

What cells deposit myelin in the PNS

A

schwann cells

19
Q

What do microglia do

A

clears damaged tissue

20
Q

Why are astrocytes important

A

important in physiological homeostasis; blood vessel/tissue interface

clears synapses of left over neurotransmitters

21
Q

What function does radial glia have in the adult

A

Structural scaffold

become astrocytes if the brain is damages

22
Q

What functions do radial glia have during development

A

progenetor cells

also a guide for migration of new cells