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Biology- Mya > Semester #4 Study Guide > Flashcards

Semester #4 Study Guide Flashcards

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1
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals without a backbone

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2
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animal with a backbone

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3
Q

What phylum is sponges classified in?

A

Phylum Porifera

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4
Q

What are sponges without spicules called?

A

Spongin (making it soft)

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5
Q

How do sponges get their prey?

A

By pulling water into themselves using their collar cells. The water brings algae, bacteria, and organic matter that sponges eat

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6
Q

If a sponge is soft, does it contain spicule or spongin? What purpose do these substances serve in a sponge?

A

It contains spongin, because spongin is soft. Spicules make a sponge hard and prickly. These substances support the sponge

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7
Q

What is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge?

A

Budding

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8
Q

What are sponge canals and cavities lined with?

A

Collar cells (flagellated cells that push water through a sponge)

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9
Q

What organisms are classified in Phylum Cnidaria?

A

Includes jellyfish, sea anemones, and hydras

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10
Q

What is interesting about the life cycle of an organism in Phylum Cnidaria?

A

They have two basic life forms: the polyp (tubular form with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other) and medusa (free-swimming with bell-shaped body and tentacles)

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11
Q

What type of symmetry to Phylum Cnidaria have?

A

Radial

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12
Q

What is nematocysts?

A

Small capsules that contain a toxin that is injected into prey or predators.

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13
Q

What phylum is jellyfish classified in?

A

Phylum Cnidaria

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14
Q

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

A

Because their body walls are so thin that gases diffuse right through them

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15
Q

If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in?

A

Medusa form, because jellyfish can only reproduce sexually in medusa form

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16
Q

What phylum are flatworms classified?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

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17
Q

Where do planarians life?

A

In fresh water and marine environments where they swim freely

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18
Q

What process will stop if the earthworm’s cuticle dries up?

A

The worms ability to exchange gases and breath; its respiration will stop

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19
Q

Why don’t planarians need circulatory systems?

A

Because the intestine is so highly branched that all cells are near it, so they can get their food directly from the intestine

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20
Q

If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

A

Without the systems, it must not need to seek out and fully digest prey; therefore, it is parasitic

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21
Q

What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian?

A

Regeneration

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22
Q

What is an exoskeleton?

A

A body covering, typically made of chitin, that provides support and protection

23
Q

The body of an insect is divided into a…

A

Head, a thorax, and an abdomen

24
Q

An example of an arachnid is a…

A

Spider

25
Q

What are the five common characteristics of Class Arachnida that sets it apart from other arthropods?

A

1: Four pairs of walking legs
2: A cephalothorax instead of separate head and thorax
3: (Usually) four pairs of simple eyes
4: No antennae
5: Respiration done through organs known as “book lungs”

26
Q

What are the four common characteristics of Class Insects that sets them apart from other arthropods?

A

1: Three pairs of walking (or jumping) legs
2: Usually winged at some stage of their life
3: One pair of antennae
4: Three body segments: head, thorax, and abdomen

27
Q

What are the four common characteristics of Phylum Arthropoda?

A

1: Exoskeleton
2: Body segmentation
3: Ventral nervous system
4: Open circulatory system

28
Q

What is molting?

A

The shedding of an old outer covering so that it can be replaced with a new one

29
Q

Why do arthropods molt?

A

Because they grow while their exoskeletons do not. They have to shed their old cover and replace It with a new exoskeleton

30
Q

Why don’t insects have respiratory systems?

A

Because of a complex network of tracheas that allow air to travel throughout the body

31
Q

What are four common characteristics of Phylum Chordata (the only phylum containing vertebrates) that an animal must show at some point in their life?

A

1: A hollow, dorsal nerve cord
2: A notochord
3: Pharyngeal slits
4: A tail that extends past the anus

32
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

33
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

34
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients between the blood and the cells of the body

35
Q

What is internal fertilization?

A

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

36
Q

What is oviparous development?

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’ body

37
Q

What is ovoviviparous development?

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

38
Q

What is viviparous development?

A

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

39
Q

Class Chondrichthyes in Phylum Chordata has what type of fish in it?

A

Cartilaginous fishes

40
Q

Name a few cartilaginous fishes

A

Sharks, rays, and skates

41
Q

What are the general characteristics of vertebrates?

A

Endoskeleton composed of a skull encasing the brain and vertebrae that make up the backbone. Closed circulatory system composed of a two-, three-, or four-chambered heart and arteries, veins, and capillaries. Nervous system with lobed brain. Individual male and female sexes

42
Q

What is the main difference between the heart of an amphibian and the heart of a reptile?

A

Both amphibians and reptiles have a three-chambered heart. Reptiles, however, have a partial separation in their ventricle that makes it almost a four-chambered heart

43
Q

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

Cartilage is more flexible and weaker than bone

44
Q

What are the six characteristics that set birds apart from other vertebrates?

A

1: Endothermic
2: Heart with four chambers
3: Toothless bill
4: Oviparous, laying amniotic eggs that are covered in a lime-containing shell
5: Covered with feathers
6: Skeleton composed of porous, lightweight bones (not all birds though)

45
Q

What are the types of learned behavior?

A

Habituation, imprinting, and conditioning

46
Q

What is habituation?

A

A learned behavior in which an animal learns not to respond to a repeated stimulus that conveys little or no important information

47
Q

What is imprinting?

A

A usually irreversible type of learning limited to a specific time period in an animal’s life

48
Q

What is conditioning?

A

A type of learning in which a stimulus or response is linked to a reward or punishment

49
Q

What are the five characteristics that set mammals apart from other vertebrates?

A

1: Hair covering the body
2: Reproduce with internal fertilization
3: Nourish their young with milk secreted from specialized glands
4: Four-chambered heart
5: Endothermic

50
Q

What is the principal function of under hair?

A

Insulation

51
Q

What are the six common characteristics that amphibians have that separate them from the rest of Subphylum Vertebrate?

A

1: Endoskeleton made mostly of bone
2: Smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments (no scales(
3: Two pairs of limbs with webbed feet (usually)
4: As many as four organs for respiration
5: Three-chambered heart
6: Oviparous with external fertilization

52
Q

What are the five common characteristics in class Reptilia?

A

1: Covered with tough, dry scales
2: Ectothermic
3: Breathe with lungs throughout their lives
4: Three-chambered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided
5: Produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell; most oviparous, some ovoviviparous

53
Q
A

Biology- Mya (19 decks)

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