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Biology- Mya > Module #13 Test > Flashcards

Module #13 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Invertebrates

A

Animals that lack a backbone

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2
Q

Vertebrates

A

Animals that possess a backbone

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3
Q

An organism possesses this type of symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any cut that runs through the organism’s center

A

Spherical symmetry

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4
Q

An organism possesses this type of symmetry if it can be cut into two identical halves by any longitudinal cut through its center

A

Radial symmetry

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5
Q

An organism possesses this type of symmetry if it can only be cut into two indexical halves by a single longitudinal cut along its center which divides it into right and left halves.

A

Bilateral symmetry

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6
Q

Anterior end

A

The end of an animal that contains its head

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7
Q

Posterior end

A

The end of an animal that contains its tail

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8
Q

Epidermis

A

An outer layer of cells designed to provide protection

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9
Q

Endodermis

A

An inner layer of cells

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10
Q

Mesenchyme

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epidermis from the inner cells in a sponge

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11
Q

Collar cells

A

Flagellated cells that push water through a sponge

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12
Q

Ameobocytes

A

Cells that move using pseudopods and perform different functions in different animals

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13
Q

Gemmule

A

A cluster of cells encased in a hard, spicule-reinforced shell

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14
Q

Polyp

A

The sessile, tubular form of a cnidarian with a mouth and tentacles at one end and a basal disk at the other

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15
Q

Medusa

A

A free-swimming cnidarian with a bell-shaped body and tentacles

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16
Q

Epithelium

A

Animal tissue consisting of one or more layers of cells that have only one free surface, because the other surface adheres to a membrane or other substance

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17
Q

Mesoglea

A

The jellylike substance that separates the epithelial cells in a cnidarian

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18
Q

Nematocysts

A

Small capsules that contain a toxin which is injected into prey or predators

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19
Q

Testes

A

Organs that produce sperm

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20
Q

Ovarries

A

Organs the produce eggs

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21
Q

Closed circulatory system

A

A system in which blood stays in vessels designed to transport food and other necessary substances throughout a creature’s body

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22
Q

Nervous system

A

A system of sensitive cells that respond to stimuli such as sound, touch, and taste

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23
Q

Ganglia

A

Masses of nerve cell bodies

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24
Q

Hermaphroditic

A

Possessing both the male and the female reproductive organs

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25
Q

Regeneration

A

The ability to regrow a missing part of the body

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26
Q

Open circulatory system

A

A system in which blood is pumped through vessels into various chambers or body cavities where it comes in direct contact with cells, tissues, and organs.

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27
Q

Mantle

A

A sheath of tissue that encloses the vital organs of a mollusk, make the mollusk’s shell, and the functions in respiration, waste disposal, and sensory perception

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28
Q

Shell

A

A tough, multilayered structure secreted by the mantle, generally used for protection, but sometimes for body support

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29
Q

Visceral hump

A

A hump that contains a mollusk’s heart, digestive, and excretory organs

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30
Q

Foot

A

A muscular organ that is used for locomotion and takes a variety of forms depending on the animal

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31
Q

Radula

A

An organ covered with teeth that mollusk use to scrape food into their mouths

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32
Q

Univalve

A

An organism with a single shell

33
Q

Bivalve

A

An organism with two shells

34
Q

Do the vast majority of animals have backbones?

A

No. All but one of the phyla in the animal kingdom are invertebrates

35
Q

Radial symmetry is a characteristic of:

A

Cnidarians. They have radial symmetry.

36
Q

What kind of symmetry does mollusks, flatworms, and roundworms have?

A

Bilateral symmetry

37
Q

What is cephalization and which organisms generally exhibit it?

A

The concentration of sensory organs in the anterior or head region of an organism. Organisms with bilateral symmetry generally exhibit cephalization.

38
Q

How do sponges get their prey?

A

By pulling water into themselves. The water brings algae, bacteria, and organic matter that sponges eat

39
Q

If a sponge is soft, does it contain spicule or spongin? What purpose do these substance serve in a sponge?

A

It contains spongin, because spongin is soft. Spicules make a sponge hard and prickly. These substances support the sponge

40
Q

What is the predominant mode of asexual reproduction in a sponge?

A

Budding

41
Q

What roles do ameobocytes play in the anatomy of a sponge.

A

Ameobocytes help:
Digest and transport nutrients
Carry waste to be excreted
Bring necessary gases such as oxygen to the cells
Form the spicules or spongin.

42
Q

When does a sponge produce gemmules?

A

During inclement times

43
Q

What is the difference between the nematocysts of hydra and those of a sea anemone?

A

Hydra nematocysts are triggered by pressure, while the sea anemone’s nematocysts are triggered chemically

44
Q

Why do cnidarians not need respiratory or excretory systems?

A

Because their body walls are so thin that gases diffuse right through them

45
Q

Some biology books say that jellyfish live dual lives. Why?

A

Jellyfish spend part of their lives as polyps and the other part as medusas.

46
Q

If a jellyfish reproduces sexually, what form is it in?

A

It must be in medusas form, because jellyfish can only reproduce sexually in medusas form.

47
Q

What is another name for a large coral colony?

A

Coral reefs

48
Q

What is A?

A

Mouth

49
Q

What is B?

A

Ventral nerve cord

50
Q

What is C?

A

Seminal receptacles

51
Q

What is D?

A

Seminal vesicles

52
Q

What is E?

A

Ovary

53
Q

What is F?

A

Oviduct

54
Q

What is G?

A

Gizzard

55
Q

What is H?

A

Nephridia

56
Q

What is I?

A

Clitellum

57
Q

What is J?

A

Intestine

58
Q

What is K?

A

Dorsal blood vessel

59
Q

What is L?

A

Crop

60
Q

What is M?

A

Esophagus

61
Q

What is N?

A

Aortic arches

62
Q

What is O?

A

Pharynx

63
Q

What is P?

A

Ganglia

64
Q

What benefits do earthworms give the plants in the soil that they inhabit?

A

They bring minerals up from the lower parts of the soil and mix them with the nutrients at the top of the soil, which makes the soil fertile for plants. Their tunnels also allow oxygen to travel to the roots of a plant more easily

65
Q

If you pick up two earthworms and the first feels very slimy near the clitellum and the second does not, what can you conclude about the first earthworm?

A

The first one must have recently mated but not yet produced a cocoon

66
Q

What similarities exist between the hydra’s sexual reproduction and the earthworm’s? What differences exist?

A

The earthworm is hermaphroditic, and the hydra can be as well. However, although a hydra can sometimes mate with itself, an earthworm cannot

67
Q

What will happen to an earthworm if its cuticle gets dry?

A

The earthworm will suffocate, because oxygen cannot travel through a dry cuticle

68
Q

Describe the circulatory system of earthworms

A

They have a closed circulatory system. A main heart and accessory hearts pump blood through vessels that run through all body segments.

69
Q

Why don’t planarians need circulatory systems?

A

Because the intestine is so highly branched that all cells are near it, so they can get their food directly from the intestine.

70
Q

What is the difference between a gastrovascular cavity and a complete digestive tract?

A

A gastrovascular cavity (digestive sac) has only one opening for food to enter and wastes to exit. A complete digestive tract is a one-way tube with two openings- a mouth and an anus.

71
Q

If a flatworm has no complex nervous or digestive systems, is it most likely free-living or parasitic?

A

Without the systems is must not need to seek out and fully digest pray; therefore, it is parasitic

72
Q

What is the main mode of asexual reproduction in a planarian?

A

Regeneration

73
Q

Which two feature are commonly found in mollusks?

A

The mantle and foot

74
Q

Sea anemone

A

Phylum Cnidaria

75
Q

Clam

A

Phylum Mollusca

76
Q

Sponge

A

Phylum Porifera

77
Q

Flatworm

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

78
Q

Segmented worm

A

Annelida

Biology- Mya (15 decks)

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