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Biology- Mya > Module #12 Test > Flashcards

Module #12 Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Physiology

A

The study of life processes in an organism

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2
Q

Vegetative organs

A

The parts of a plant (such as stems, roots, and leaves) that are not involved in reproduction

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3
Q

Reproductive plant organs

A

The parts of a plant (such as flowers, fruits, and seeds) involved in reproduction

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4
Q

Undifferentiated cells

A

Cells that have not specialized in an particular function

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5
Q

Xylem

A

Nonliving vascular tissue that carries water and dissolved minerals from the roots of a plant to its leaves

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6
Q

Phloem

A

Living vascular tissue that carries sugar and organic substances throughout a plant

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7
Q

Girdling

A

The process of cutting away a ring of inner and outer bark all the way around a tree trunk

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8
Q

Deciduous plant

A

A plant that loses its leaves for winter

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9
Q

Nastic movement

A

A plant’s response to a stimulus such as the direction of the response is preprogrammed and not dependent on the direction of the stimulus

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10
Q

Stimulus

A

An environmental change that triggers a response

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11
Q

Pore spaces

A

Spaces in the soil that determine how much water and air the soil can hold

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12
Q

Loam

A

A mixture of gravel, sand, silt, clay, and organic matter

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13
Q

Translocation

A

The process by which organic substances move through the phloem of a plant

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14
Q

Hormones

A

Chemicals that circulate throughout multicellular organisms, regulating cellular processes by interacting with specifically targeted cells

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15
Q

Phototropism

A

A growth response to light

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16
Q

Gravitropism

A

A growth response to gravity

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17
Q

Thigmotropism

A

A growth response to touch

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18
Q

If a portion of a plant is producing new cells, what type of plant tissue will be in that region?

A

Meristematic tissues will be anywhere that mitosis is going on. The cells that perform mitosis are a part of the meristematic tissue

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19
Q

What do we call the structure that attaches the blade of the leaf to the stem

A

The petiole

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20
Q

Name the four regions of a root. Which region contains undifferentiated cells?

A

(1) The root cap
(2) The meristematic region
(3) The elongation region
(4) The maturation region

The undifferentiated cells are in the meristematic region

21
Q

Which image shows a monocot?

A

Top image is a monocot. The scattered, face-like characteristic of the vascular bundles tells you this.

22
Q

Which image shows a dicot?

A

The bottom image is a dicot. The vascular bundles do not have a face-like appearance and are positioned in a ring rather than scattered

23
Q

What allows woody stems to have no limits to their growth, unlike herbaceous stems?

A

Woody stems have no limit to their growth because the cork cambium can always produce more bark. Thus, when the bark cracks, the inner parts of the stem are not exposed to the surroundings.

24
Q

What is the function of vascular cambium?

A

The vascular cambium produces new vascular tissue

25
Q

If a stem had cork cambium, is it woody or herbaceous?

A

It is woody. The cork cambium appears only in woody stems. It makes new cork tissues for the outer bark

26
Q

What kind of vascular tissue makes up most of the wood in a woody stem? What kind of vascular tissue is found in the inner bark of a woody stem?

A

Xylem makes up most of the wood in woody stems, while phloem are found in the inner bark.

27
Q

What is the difference between primary growth and secondary growth?

A

Primary growth occurs at the tips of roots and shoots and lengthens the plant. Secondary growth increases the width or girth of woody plants. It results when cork and vascular cambium add new tissue.

28
Q

In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissue: Palisade mesophyll

A

Photosynthesis

29
Q

In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissue: Spongy mesophyll

A

Photosynthesis

30
Q

In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissue: Epidermis

A

Protection

31
Q

In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissue: Xylem

A

Transports water and minerals

32
Q

In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissue: Phloem

A

Transports food and organic substances

33
Q

In a leaf, what is the function of the following tissue: Collenchyma

A

Support

34
Q

What controls the opening and closing of the stomate on a leaf?

A

The guard cells control the opening and closing of the stomata

35
Q

Why is the bottom of a leaf typically a lighter shade of green than the top of the leaf?

A

The spongy mesophyll is typically on the underside of the leaf, and it is usually a lighter shade of green due to the fact that the photosynthesis cells are not as tightly packed there

36
Q

Name two types of pigments that cause leaves to be a color other than green?

A

Carotenoids and anthocyanin are pigments that make leaves other colors than green

37
Q

If a tree has no abscission layer, will it be deciduous?

A

No, a tree without an abscission layer cannot be deciduous. Remember, the abscission layer cuts off the flow of nutrients to the leaves, which causes them to stop doing photosynthesis, causing them to die. With no abscission layer, that will not happen and the tree will not lose its leaves in the winter

38
Q

Where is the abscission layer?

A

the abscission layer is right between the stem and the petiole

39
Q

What are the differences between monocots and dicots?

Monocots

A

Monocots:
-One seed leaf
-Leaf veins running parallel to midrib
-Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem
-Fibrous roots
-Flower parts in multiples of 3

40
Q

What are the differences between monocots and dicots?

Dicots

A

Dicots:
-Two seed leaves
-Leaf veins branching from the midrib
-Vascular bundles in a ring in the stem
-Taproots
-Flower parts in multiples of 4 or 5

41
Q

Name the four processes for which plants require water. Which of these processes can be neglected for a short amount of time?

A

A plant uses water for photosynthesis, turgor pressure, hydrolysis, and transport.

Turgor pressure can be ignored for a short time (since a plant can wilt without dying)

42
Q

A biologist studies two plants. The flowers of the first plant open each morning and close each night. The second plant’s flowers stay open all of the time. However, if the plant is placed of that one of its sides is in the shade and the other is in the sunlight, the plant will eventually grow so that all of its leave point toward the sunlight. Which plant is using nastic movement and which is using phototropism?

A

The first plant is using nastic movements and the second is using phototropism.

43
Q

Nastic movement

A

Refers to movements that happen in a pre-programmed direction

44
Q

Phototropism

A

Directional, depending on the direction of the stimulus

45
Q

Briefly describe transpiration-pull and the cohesion-tension theory of water transport in plants

A

When water evaporates through the stomata in a plant’s leaves through transpiration, a deficit of water is created. This causes the water molecules just below those that evaporated to move up and take their place. Since water molecules like to stay together, however, the water molecules just below the ones that moved up also move up, in order to stay close. This causes a chain reaction, eventually causing water from the roots to move up into other parts of the plant.

46
Q

Do xylem cells need to be alive for xylem to do their job? Why or why not?

A

They do not have to be alive. Since we think that the cohesion-tension theory explains how water and dissolved nutrients travel up a plant, the xylem cells don’t play an active role in the transport

47
Q

Do phloem cells need to be alive for phloem to do their job? What or why not?

A

Phloem cells must be alive to do their job, because phloem cells take an active part in translocation. Translocation requires energy and only living cells supply energy

48
Q

What substances do xylem contain? What substances do phloem contain?

A

Xylem contain water and dissolved mineral

Phloem contains sugar and organic substances.

49
Q

Do insectivorous plants really eat insects? Why or why not?

A

No, they do not really eat insects. They decompose the insects and use their raw materials for biosynthesis

Biology- Mya (18 decks)

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