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Biology- Mya > Module #15 Test > Flashcards

Module #15 Test Flashcards

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1
Q

Vertebrae

A

Segments of bone or some other hard substance that are arranged into a backbone

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2
Q

Notochord

A

A rod of tough, flexible material that runs the length of a creature’s body, providing the majority of its support

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3
Q

Endoskeleton

A

A skeleton on the inside of a creature’s body

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4
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny, thin-walled blood vessels that allow the exchange of gases and nutrients

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6
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart

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7
Q

Olfactory lobes

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the nose

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8
Q

Cerebrum

A

The lobes of the brain that integrate sensory information and coordinate the creature’s response to that information

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9
Q

Optic lobes

A

The lobes of the brain that receive signals from the receptors in the eyes

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10
Q

Cerebellum

A

The lobe that controls involuntary actions and refines muscle movement

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11
Q

Medula oblongata

A

The lobes that coordinate vital functions, such as those of the circulatory and respiratory systems, and transport signals from the brain to the spinal cord

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12
Q

Internal fertilization

A

The process by which the male places sperm inside the female’s body, where the eggs are fertilized

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13
Q

External fertilization

A

The process by which the female lays eggs and the male fertilizes them once they are outside

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14
Q

Oviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched outside the female’s body

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15
Q

Ovoviviparous development

A

Development that occurs in an egg that is hatched inside the female’s body

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16
Q

Viviparous development

A

Development that occurs inside the female, allowing the offspring to gain nutrients and vital substances from the mother through a placenta

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17
Q

Atrium

A

A large muscular heart chamber that receives blood that is about to enter the ventricle

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18
Q

Ventricle

A

A thick-walled, muscular heart chamber from which blood is pumped out to the body

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19
Q

Anadromous

A

A life cycle in which creatures are hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water as adults, and then go back to fresh water in order to reproduce

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20
Q

Hibernation

A

A state of extremely low metabolism and respiration, accompanied by lower-than-normal body temperatures

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21
Q

Amniotic egg

A

A shelled, water-retaining egg that allows reptile, bird, and certain mammal embryos to develop on land

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22
Q

What do sea squirts, lampreys, and amphibians have in common?

A

They all go through metamorphosis from larva to adult

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23
Q

What is the difference between cartilage and bone?

A

Cartilage is more flexible and weaker than bone

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24
Q

You see a blood vessel from a creature. You have no idea what creature and you have no idea where it came from. You do notice, however, that the blood vessel wall is very thin. What kind of blood vessel is this?

A

This is most likely a capillary because capillaries have thin walls to allow for the diffusion of gases

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25
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

They carry oxygen in the blood

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26
Q

What protein gives red blood cells their color?

A

Hemoglobin

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27
Q

Frogs and toads are quite uncoordinated. They move their muscles in a very jerky manner. Which brain lobe is small in amphibians?

A

The cerebellum. The cerebellum refines muscle movement, thus it is small in amphibians.

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28
Q

An owl has very sensitive vision. Which brain lobes are larger in the owl compared to the “average” vertebrate?

A

Their optic lobes are enlarged.

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29
Q

A creature reproduces when the female receives sperm from the male and then lays an egg that hatches. Is fertilization internal or external? What kind of development is this?

A

The fertilization is internal. The development is oviparous, because the egg hatches externally

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30
Q

Which has the most inflexible skeleton: a ray, a lamprey, or a salmon?

A

The stronger the skeleton, the less flexible it is. Lampreys and rays both have cartilaginous skeletons, but the salmon is a bony fish; thus, the salmon’s skeleton is less flexible

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31
Q

What type of life cycle do Atlantic salmon have?

A

Anadromous (hatched in fresh water, migrate to salt water, and return to reproduce in fresh water)

32
Q

What is the shark’s most sensitive means of finding prey?

A

Its electrical field sensor

33
Q

What function does the lateral line perform in sharks and bony fish?

A

The lateral line senses vibrations in the water

34
Q

What function do the dorsal fins perform in both sharks and bony fish? What function does the anterior dorsal fin play only in bony fish?

A

In both sharks and bony fish, the dorsal fins are used for balance in the water. In bony fish, the anterior dorsal fin is also a defensive weapon, because it is hard and sharp

35
Q

What is the major difference between the tail of a ray and the tail of a skate?

A

Rays have thin, whip like tails, while skates have thicker, fleshy tails

36
Q

What is A and its function?

A

Brain. It controls nervous system

37
Q

What is B and its function?

A

Spinal cord. It sends messages from brain to other parts of the body and vice versa

38
Q

What is C and its function?

A

Esophagus. It sends food to stomach

39
Q

What is D and its function?

A

Stomach. It stores and breaks down food

40
Q

What is E and its function?

A

Kidney. It cleans blood of waste products

41
Q

What is F and its function?

A

Air bladder. It allows fish to change depths and flow in water

42
Q

What is G and its function?

A

Gonad. Reproduction

43
Q

What is H and its function?

A

Anus. It expels undigested food

44
Q

What is I and its function?

A

Intestine. It digests food

45
Q

What is J and its function?

A

Pyloric ceca. It secretes digestive enzymes and chemicals that break down food in stomach

46
Q

What is K and its function?

A

Gall bladder. It concentrates bile

47
Q

What is L and its function?

A

Liver. It makes bile for the digestion of fats and does many other chemical tasks

48
Q

What is M and its function?

A

Heart. It pumps blood

49
Q

What is N and its function?

A

Gills. It exchanges carbon dioxide and oxygen between the water and the blood

50
Q

What is A? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Anterior cardial vein

Vein

51
Q

What is B? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Efferent brachial arteries

Arteries

52
Q

What is C? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Dorsal aorta

Artery

53
Q

What is D? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Kidney

Neither

54
Q

What is E? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Posterior cardial vein

Vein

55
Q

What is F? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Artium

Neither

56
Q

What is G? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Ventricle

Neither

57
Q

What is H? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Ventral aorta

Artery

58
Q

What is I? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Afferent brachial arteries

Arteries

59
Q

What is J? Is it a vein, artery, or neither?

A

Gills

Neither

60
Q

List the six common characteristics of amphibians

A

(1) Endoskeleton is made mostly of bone
(2) Smooth skin with many capillaries and pigments. No scales
(3) Two pairs of limbs with webbed feet
(4) As many as four organs of respiration
(5) Three-chambered heart
(6) Oviparous with enteral fertilization

61
Q

What is the difference between a toad and a frog?

A

Frogs have smooth, wet skin and live near water. Toads have dry, warty skin and don’t need to live near water

62
Q

For most amphibians, what is the major respiratory organ?

A

The skin

63
Q

State the five characteristics that set reptiles apart from other vertebrates

A

(1) Covered with tough, dry scales
(2) Ectothermic
(3) Breathe with lungs throughout life
(4) Three-chambered heart with a ventricle that is partially divided
(5) Produce amniotic eggs covered with a leathery shell, most oviparous, some ovoviviparous

64
Q

What is A?

A

Amniotic fluid

65
Q

What is B?

A

Embryo

66
Q

What is C?

A

Amnion

67
Q

What is D?

A

Allantois

68
Q

What is E?

A

Chorion

69
Q

What is F?

A

Yolk sac

70
Q

What is G?

A

Yolk

71
Q

What is H?

A

Albumen

72
Q

What is I?

A

Shell

73
Q

State the functions of the yolk, the allantois, and the albumen

A

The yolk serves as nourishment for the developing embryo. The allantois allows the embryo to breathe, and the albumen destroys the pathogens that can enter the egg as well as supplying water and amino acids to the embryo. The albumen also acts as a shock-absorber

74
Q

Reptiles have a growth-related characteristic in common with the arthropods. What is it?

A

They must both molt because their body covering is not living

75
Q

What are the two most important functions of reptile scales?

A

They prevent water loss and insulate the reptile’s body

Biology- Mya (18 decks)

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