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Biology- Mya > Module #1 Test > Flashcards

Module #1 Test Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Evidence

A

The collected body of data from experiments and observations.

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2
Q

Observation

A

Allows the scientist to collect data

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3
Q

Quantitative Observation

A

Observation involving numbers, such as counting and measuring

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4
Q

Qualitative Observation

A

Observation that are not easily counted, such as colors and texture

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5
Q

Inference

A

Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge, experience, or evidence

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6
Q

Hypothesis

A

A suggested, testable answer to a well-defined scientific question or a possible, testable explanation for observation

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7
Q

Variable

A

A factor that changes in an experiment

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8
Q

Independent variable

A

Variable manipulated by experimenter

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9
Q

Dependent variable

A

Variable responding to manipulated variable

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10
Q

Experimental group

A

The group in an experiment that is manipulated (contains the independent variable)

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11
Q

Control group

A

The group in an experiment that experiences no manipulation (does not contain independent variable)

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12
Q

Scientific theory

A

An explanation of some part of the natural world that has been thoroughly tested and is supported by a significant amount of evidence from observations and experiments

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13
Q

Scientific law

A

A description of a natural relationship or principle, often expressed in mathematical terms, and supported by a significant amount of evidence

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14
Q

Microorganisms

A

Living creatures that are too small to see with the naked eye

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15
Q

Abiogenesis

A

The idea that long ago, very simple life forms spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions

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16
Q

Metabolism

A

The sum total of all processes in an organism that converts energy and matter from outside sources and use that energy and matter to sustain, the organism’s life functions.

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17
Q

Anabolism

A

The sum total of all processes in an organism that use energy and simple chemical building blocks to produce large chemicals and structures necessary for life.

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18
Q

Catabolism

A

The sum total of all processes in an organism that break down chemicals to produce energy and simple chemical building blocks.

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19
Q

Photosynthesis

A

The process by which green plants and some other organisms use the energy of sunlight and simple chemicals to produce their own food

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20
Q

Autotrophs

A

Organisms that are able to make their own food

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21
Q

Heterotrophs

A

Organisms that depend on other organisms for their food

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22
Q

Herbivores

A

Organisms that eat only plants

23
Q

Carnivores

A

Organisms that eat only organisms other than plants

24
Q

Omnivores

A

Organisms that eat both plants and other organisms

25
Q

Homeostasis

A

The maintenance of stable internal conditions

26
Q

Endotherm

A

Organism that is internal warmed by a heat-generating metabolic process

27
Q

Ectotherm

A

An organism that lacks an internal mechanism for regulating body heat

28
Q

Receptors

A

Special structures that allow living organisms to sense the conditions of their internal external environment

29
Q

Asexual reproduction

A

Process by which a single organism produces genetically identical offspring (offspring receives DNA from on parent)

30
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

Process by which two parents produce genetically different offspring (offspring receives a combination of DNA from two parents)

31
Q

Inheritance

A

The process by which physical and biological characteristics are transmitted from the parent (or parents) to the offspring

32
Q

Mutation

A

An abrupt and marked change in the DNA of an organism compared to that of its parents.

33
Q

International System of Units

A

The metric system (abbreviated SI), which is the most widely used system of measurement in science.

34
Q

Compound light microscope

A

A microscope that shines light through a specimen using two lenses to magnify an image

35
Q

Transmission electron microscope

A

A microscope that transmits a beam of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen

36
Q

Scanning electron microscope

A

A microscope that passes a beam of electrons over the surface of a specimen

37
Q

What are the criteria for life?

A

1: Cells

#2: Growth and Development
#3: Metabolism and Energy
#4: Homeostasis
#5: Sense and Respond to Stimuli
#6: DNA and Reproduction

38
Q

Why are cells considered the most basic unit of life?

A

Because they are self-contained, complex, organized, and separated from their surroundings. Cells can grow, acquire energy, maintain homeostasis, reproduce, and respond to their environment

39
Q

What would happen if an organism’s receptors were cut off; what life function would be most hampered?

A

The function of being able to sense changes and adapt to, therefore, survive.

Sensing and Responding to Stimuli

40
Q

Is it sexually or asexually reproduction if the offspring of the parent is different than the parent?

A

Sexually

41
Q

What is wrong with the following statement?
“Science had proven that energy must always be conserved”

A

Saying that science “proves” something. Science doesn’t try to prove anything; science test a hypothesis many times to make sure that the info is reliable, but that could change in the future with new data.

Science is always changing, and is not 100% reliable

42
Q

Briefly explain the scientific method

A

The first step of the scientific method is observation and inference. Following is the hypothesis. Once scientist observe something, that make a hypothesis (testable guess) about what they have observed. After a hypothesis is formed, the scientist now sets up experiments that test their hypothesis. Once the hypothesis has been tested MANY times, and consistent data has been collected from testing, then an explanation is formed (also called scientific theory). Also, some become laws because it explains a relationship or principle but doesn’t attempt to explain why the event occurs or how it happens.

43
Q

Why does the story of spontaneous generation illustrate the limitations of science?

A

It shows the limitations of science because spontaneous generation was tested many times and made into a scientific law although it was false! Science, once again, cannot prove anything because new data is always coming out. In the case of spontaneous generation, the scientist who tested their hypothesis were basing their test results on flawed test!

44
Q

Where does the wise person place his or her faith: science of the Bible?

A

The Bible. It is 100% reliable and the true words of Creator God. We can trust what God says.

45
Q

Why is the theory of abiogenesis just another example of the idea of spontaneous generation?

A

Abiogenesis is another example of the idea of spontaneous generation because abiogenesis is the idea that very simple life forms a long time ago spontaneously appeared through chemical reactions.

They believe that life came from no life, which is the same idea as spontaneous generation

46
Q

What are some common tools scientist use in the study of biology?

A

Microscopes, telescopes, data tables, graphs, balances, computers, and robots

47
Q

Why do scientist use the metric system?

A

They use the metric system because, since it’s based on multiples of 10, it makes it easy to use. They also use the metric system so that they can compare results and replicated experiments done by other scientist.

Common method of measurement

48
Q

Why do scientist use tables and graphs?

A

They use tables and graphs because it makes organizing and examining data easier. It allows them to visualize patterns and see relationships between varibles

49
Q

Explain compound light microscope

A

Light microscopes are the most common. They use a combination of two lenses to form images. It shines light through thin specimen to magnify the image. Can view dead and living organisms

50
Q

Explain transmission electron microscope

A

Transmission electron microscope uses electron magnet, which gather and focus beams of electrons through a thinly sliced specimen to see the internal structures. Can view smaller specimen than light microscope. Cannot observe living organisms

51
Q

Explain scanning electron microscope

A

Scanning election microscope uses electron magnet beams over the surface of a specimen to produce realistic 3-D images of the objects surface. Cannot view living organisms

52
Q

What is one advantage of a light microscope?

A

You can observe living organisms

53
Q

What is one advantage of electron microscope?

A

Can observe specimen in more detail and larger than light microscope

54
Q

Why do scientist have procedures and protocols in the laboratory?

A

To ensure the scientist safety and the well-being of any living creatures they study in order to be good stewards of God’s creation

Biology- Mya (18 decks)

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