semester 1 final review

Question 1

information gathered during an experiment

Answer 1

data

Question 2

a suggestion about what might happen during an experiment

Answer 2

hypothesis

Question 3

the three particles in an atom

Answer 3

proton, neutron, electron

Question 4

where are electrons found

Answer 4

electron cloud around the nucleus

Question 5

How do you find the mass number?

Answer 5

add protons plus neutrons

Question 6

Science is different from other fields of study because it relies on what?

Answer 6

experiments to test hypotheses

Question 7

What are the goals of science?

Answer 7

to investigate and explain the natural world and make useful predictions

Question 8

a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite amounts

Answer 8

compound

Question 9

salt dissolving in water creates what

Answer 9

a solution

Question 10

Why do plants need sunlight?

Answer 10

energy for photosynthesis

Question 11

Why do plants need CO2?

Answer 11

to make sugar (carbohydrates) for food

Question 12

Do plants use oxygen? Why or why not?

Answer 12

yes, to burn their food

Question 13

Why do plants release oxygen if they need it?

Answer 13

They make more than they need and release the extra to the environment

Question 14

What do scientists isolate and test in a controlled experiment?

Answer 14

a single variable (IV)

Question 15

What happens during peer review?

Answer 15

check for mistakes and bias

Question 16

a well-tested idea in science with many supporting observations

Answer 16

theory

Question 17

a personal preference or point of view

Answer 17

bias

Question 18

What makes the metric system easier to use than the standard English system?

Answer 18

based on units of 10 - decimal system

Question 19

solutions with more OH than H ions in solution

Answer 19

bases (alkaline)

Question 20

What does the law of conservation of matter say?

Answer 20

matter can NOT be created or destroyed. It just changes form (rearranges bonds)

Question 21

What are the reactants in a chemical equation?

Answer 21

the chemicals that enter a reaction (to the left of the arrow)

Question 22

What are the products in a chemical reaction

Answer 22

the chemicals made by a reaction (to the right of the arrow)

Question 23

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Answer 23

amino acids

Question 24

What are the building blocks of starches?

Answer 24

simple sugars

Question 25

How do enzymes affect chemical reactions in cells?

Answer 25

catalysts - speed up the reaction without being involved in the reaction

Question 26

Why do organisms reproduce sexually in unfavorable conditions?

Answer 26

more diversity means a greater chance of survival - can adapt to the changes

Question 27

What is pollination? Is it sexual or asexual?

Answer 27

when pollen is carried by wind or animals to the female portion of a plant - sexual (2 parents)

Question 28

A cell with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles

Answer 28

eukaryote

Question 29

organisms that eat other organisms for energy and nutrients

Answer 29

heterotroph

Question 30

What do pharyngeal pouches become in adult chordates like fish

Answer 30

gills

Question 31

Fewer than 5 percent of all animals are what type of animal?

Answer 31

vertebrates

Question 32

a stable internal environment

Answer 32

homeostasis

Question 33

Why do animals eat?

Answer 33

for nutrients and energy

Question 34

What organ system do the muscles work closely with to cause movement?

Answer 34

skeleton

Question 35

How does muscle tissue work?

Answer 35

contracts or shortens to pull

Question 36

What is the difference between an acoelomate, a pseudocoelomate and a coelomate?

Answer 36

acoelomate - no body cavity or space pseudocoelomate - fake body cavity (not lined with mesoderm) coelomate - true body cavity (lined with mesoderm)

Question 37

What is a bilaterally symmetrical organism like?

Answer 37

It has mirror right and left sides

Question 38

an embryo made of a hollow ball of cells

Answer 38

blastula

Question 39

What is the difference between a protostome and a deuterostome?

Answer 39

protostome - mouth from blastopore - mouth first | deuterostome - anus from blastopore - mouth second

Question 40

a fertilized egg

Answer 40

zygote

Question 41

the mouth of a protostome begins as a hole called the what?

Answer 41

blastopore

Question 42

Name the three germ layers, and say what each becomes.

Answer 42

endoderm - digestive and respiratory structures mesoderms - muscle, bone, circulatory, reproductive, and excretory structures ectoderm - skin and nerves

Question 43

How many planes of symmetry are in radially symmetrical organisms? Give examples.

Answer 43

unlimited - cnidarians and echinoderms (pentaradial)

Question 44

What is the advantage of an organism's body plan?

Answer 44

make them suited to their environment so they can survive and reproduce

Question 45

What was the Cambrian explosion?

Answer 45

the time period when all the major animal phyla appeared

Question 46

What derived characteristic enabled the Cambrian Explosion, and why?

Answer 46

mesoderm (three germ layers) allowed for more complex body plans

Question 47

a flexible supporting structure found in chordates

Answer 47

notochord

Question 48

What group of animals have flexible digits, a large cerebrum, and arms that rotate at the shoulders?

Answer 48

primates

Question 49

Why do primates need binocular vision (two eyes)?

Answer 49

depth perception so they can estimate the distance to the next branch as they move through trees

Question 50

What structure in primates allows them to live in complex social systems?

Answer 50

a well-developed cerebrum

Question 51

having a thumb that works opposite your fingers allows what? What is this type of thumb called?

Answer 51

grasping objects - opposable thumb

Question 52

aquatic animals that strain floating material from water for food are called what?

Answer 52

filter feeders

Question 53

the cattle and the bacteria that live in their guts (digestive tract) are called what?

Answer 53

mutualistic symbionts

Question 54

What is a gastrovascular cavity, and what does it do?

Answer 54

a digestive space with a single opening - digestive and circulatory functions in same place

Question 55

What are the major characteristics of a respiratory surface?

Answer 55

large, thin, moist, permeable, have and maintain a concentration gradient

Question 56

Which direction do materials diffuse?

Answer 56

from high to low concentration

Question 57

Give an example of an organism that can diffuse food and oxygen through their skin.

Answer 57

cnidarians, worms

Question 58

What is the purpose of alveoli? What does this do to an animal's metabolism?

Answer 58

more surface area for more oxygen diffusion - higher metabolism

Question 59

Why do animals need a closed circulatory system?

Answer 59

to be larger and more active - more nutrients and oxygen delivered to cells for more energy

Question 60

Why does blood go to lungs or gills?

Answer 60

gas exchange

Question 61

How do saltwater fish conserve water?

Answer 61

concentrated urine

Question 62

Why do animals with exoskeletons need to molt?

Answer 62

to grow

Question 63

What enables animals to have more complex behaviors or responses?

Answer 63

more interneurons - a larger and more complex brain

Question 64

What is a difference between nymphs and larva?

Answer 64

nymphs - resemble adults and go through incomplete metamorphosis larva - don't resemble adults and go through complete metamorphosis

Question 65

What is the big advantage of an amniotic egg?

Answer 65

holds in water so the animal doesn't have to lay eggs in water (reptiles, birds, and mammals)

Question 66

What is an advantage of being an ectotherm?

Answer 66

don't have to find as much food because they don't heat their own bodies - use the sun for warmth

Question 67

What are endotherms?

Answer 67

animals that control their own body temperature - generate heat from their food (muscles)

Question 68

Who does peer review?

Answer 68

anonymous and independent experts

Question 69

Can a theory change over time? | Are theories always true?

Answer 69

yes | no

Question 70

Why do animals defend their territory?

Answer 70

to protect their resources

Question 71

What is the importance of cell specialization?

Answer 71

enables cells to perform unique functions

Question 72

a diagram of the changes in bird population over time is an example of what?

Answer 72

evolution

Question 73

Why do organisms need nutrients?

Answer 73

to carry out essential life functions

Question 74

What can happen to a lake after it gets a lot of a missing (limiting) nutrient?

Answer 74

algal bloom - algae grow out of control

Question 75

How does science affect society?

Answer 75

answer questions, solves problems, creates technology, increases people's understanding of how they impact the environment

Question 76

a symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit

Answer 76

mutualism

Question 77

a symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits but the other is harmed

Answer 77

parasitism

Question 78

Which variable affects the other?

Answer 78

IV affects DV

Question 79

Which variable is set up in the experiment?

Answer 79

IV

Question 80

Which variable is measured?

Answer 80

DV

Question 81

What is the purpose of a control group?

Answer 81

to compare to the experimental to see that the IV caused the difference in the results

Question 82

What are the factors that stay the same between the experimental group and the control?

Answer 82

constants