cell structure and function Flashcards
the study of cells
cytology
the smallest living unit
cell
a living thing made of one cell
unicellular
a living thing made of many cells
multicellular
the 3-part idea that living things are made of cells, cells are the functioning units of living organisms, and cells come from the division of cells
cell theory
What had to be invented before the cell theory was developed?
microscope
How has the expansion of the cell theory been linked to technology?
As microscopes improve, we see more and understand cells better.
What type of microscope sees living organisms? Describe these microscopes.
compound light microscope - 2 lenses (curved glass) at opposite ends of a tube
What type of microscope sees more detail than light microscopes?
electron microscope
What are the two types of electron microscopes, and how are they different?
- SEM - scanning electron microscope - sees 3D images of cell surface
- TEM - transmission electron microscpe - sees slices of interior of cell
What are some advantages and disadvantages of electron microscopes?
advantages - works with a computer, can be color-enhanced, and see more detail
disadvantages - objects must be dead, actual image is black and white
Who named the cell while looking at cork? What is cork?
Robert Hooke - dead plant cells (cell walls)
Who invented an early microscope, saw living cells, and wrote journal entries?
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Who studied plants and found that all plants are made of cells?
Matthias Schleiden
Who studied animals and found that all animals are made of cells
Theodor Schwann
Who was a physician who found that cells come from the division of pre-existing cells?
Rudolf Virchow
Who stained the cell and saw the nucleus?
Robert Brown
Who discovered the Golgi bodies
Camillo Golgi
Who came up with the idea of endosymbiosis?
Lynn Margulis
What important cell structure is a selectively permeable lipid bi-layer with embedded proteins that regulates the transport of materials in and out of a cell
cell membrane
What membrane chemical has a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic tail and won’t let water through?
phospholipid
water loving
hydrophilic
water fearing
hydrophobic
this describes the cell membrane because it is in pieces of lipids, proteins, and carbs and can change
fluid mosaic