biochemistry Flashcards
the study of matter and the interaction of atoms
chemistry
the building blocks of matter, the smallest piece of an element that still has properties of that element
atom
Name the three major particles in an atom. Give their charge, location, and mass.
proton - positive, in nucleus, 1amu
neutron - neutral, in nucleus, 1amu
electron - negative, outside nucleus (electron cloud), 1/1836amu
the amount or matter in an object
mass
With what unit is mass measured?
kilograms
the amount of space an object takes up
volume
With what unit is volume measured?
liters or cubic meters
mass/volume
density
What is the density of water?
1 gram/milliliter
If something is more dense than water, it…
sinks
If something is less dense than water, it…
floats
a pure substance made of only one type of atom
element
atoms of the same element with an unusual number of neutrons and a different mass
isotopes
isotopes that are unstable and emit particles
radioisotopes
What is the difference between boron 10 and boron 11?
Boron 11 has an extra neutron and a mass of 11
What are some uses of radioisotopes?
diagnose and treat diseases
find the age of artifacts
our chart of the elements
periodic table
How are the elements on the periodic table arranged?
increasing atomic number or number of protons
Who named the atom, and what does the word mean?
Democritus - unable to be cut or divided
two or more different atoms chemically combined to make a new substance with new physical and chemical properties
compound
the force that holds atoms together
chemical bond
a bond formed by the transfer of electrons
ionic bond
a bond formed by the sharing of electrons
What are the types?
covalent bond
- share 1 pair - single
- share 2 pair - double
- share 3 pair - triple - basically as high as it goes
a charged atom
ion