midterm

Question 1

What are the goals of science?

Answer 1

to investigate and understand the natural world
to explain events in the natural world
to make useful predictions

Question 2

information gathered during an experiment

Answer 2

data

Question 3

a prediction about what will happen in an experiment

Answer 3

hypothesis

Question 4

How many variables should be tested in a controlled experiment?

Answer 4

1

Question 5

What are the characteristics of a scientist, and what do they mean?

Answer 5

curious - want to know
creative - think of new ideas
open-minded - willing to accept possibilities
skeptical - don’t blindly trust (want proof)

Question 6

Who reviews for peer-reviewed journals?

Answer 6

anonymous and independent experts

Question 7

What would we call a well tested idea that makes predictions in numerous circumstances with one particular exception?

Answer 7

a theory that needs revision

Question 8

a personal preference or point of view

Answer 8

bias

Question 9

the process by which organisms keep everything inside their body within certain limits

Answer 9

homeostasis

Question 10

the basic unit of length in the metric system

Answer 10

meter

Question 11

the three particles in an atom

Answer 11

proton, neutron, electron

Question 12

How do you find the mass of an atom?

Answer 12

protons plus neutrons

Question 13

In C-14, what does the 14 stand for?

Answer 13

protons plus neutrons (mass)

Question 14

What is an isotope?

Answer 14

an atom of the same element with an unusual number of neutrons

Question 15

What do we call a substance formed by the chemical joining of two or more elements in definite amounts?

Answer 15

compound

Question 16

What makes a covalent bond?

Answer 16

sharing electrons

Question 17

What electrons are available to form bonds?

Answer 17

valence electrons

Question 18

Since electrons spend more time around oxygen, the oxygen is what?

Answer 18

slightly negative

Question 19

When salt is dissolved in water, the salt and water are called what?

Answer 19

salt - solute

water - solvent

Question 20

pH of 6 indicates what type of solution?

Answer 20

acid

Question 21

solutions with more OH than H are called what?

Answer 21

base (alkaline)

Question 22

Carbon is element number 6 with 2 electrons in the first ring and 4 electrons in the second ring. How many bonds can carbon form?

Answer 22

4

Question 23

What happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?

Answer 23

rearranged

Question 24

Identify the reactants and products in the following equation:
CO2 + H2O yields H2CO3

Answer 24

reactants - CO2 and H2O

product - H2CO3

Question 25

What is the term for substances that speed up chemical reactions?

Answer 25

catalysts

Question 26

Cells with a nucleus and membrane - bound organelles are called what?

Answer 26

eukaryotes

Question 27

Organisms that must eat other organisms for energy are called what?

Answer 27

heterotroph

Question 28

How would a student be able to look at cells under a microscope and tell that they are not animal cells?

Answer 28

have cell walls

Question 29

In fish, what do pharyngeal pouches become?

Answer 29

gills

Question 30

What is the function of the notochord in a chordate embryo?

Answer 30

structure and support

Question 31

What is the advantage of sexual reproduction?

Answer 31

increases genetic diversity

Question 32

What type of skeleton do vertebrates have?

Answer 32

endoskeleton

Question 33

What is the advantage of asexual reproduction?

Answer 33

rapid reproduction - lots of babies

Question 34

Animals with a space around their digestive tract but no mesoderm around the tract are called what?

Answer 34

pseudocoelomates

Question 35

What is bilateral symmetry?

Answer 35

when animals can be cut in only one plant and have mirror image right and left sides

Question 36

What type of symmetry has body parts extending out from a center?

Answer 36

radial symmetry

Question 37

What is a coelom?

Answer 37

a body cavity completely lined with mesoderm

Question 38

the embryo stage which is a hollow ball of cells

Answer 38

blastula

Question 39

Name the three germ layers, and describe where each is found?

Answer 39

endoderm - inner layer mesoderm - middle layer ectoderm - outer layers

Question 40

What is the difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

Answer 40

protostomes - mouth first (from blastopore) | deuterostomes - mouth second (anus from blastopore)

Question 41

a fertilized egg

Answer 41

zygote

Question 42

Name what tissues develop from each of the three germ layers?

Answer 42

endoderm - lining of digestive and respiratory tracts (lungs) ectoderm - skin and nerves mesoderm - muscle, bone, and blood

Question 43

How many planes of symmetry are found in radially symmetrical organisms?

Answer 43

many - infinite

Question 44

What happened during the Cambrian Explosion?

Answer 44

most animal phyla developed

Question 45

What are the most simple animals with body symmetry?

Answer 45

Cnidarians - radially symmetrical

Question 46

a flexible, supporting rod found only in chordates

Answer 46

notochord

Question 47

a thumb moving against the fingers - what is it for

Answer 47

opposable thumb - grasping