biology unit 2 - scientific process

Question 1

an issue about right or wrong applied to a biology issue

Answer 1

bioethical issue

Question 2

recorded scientific information, gathered by observation

Answer 2

data

Question 3

running an experiment in two groups for comparison, only the experimental group has the variable

Answer 3

controlled experiment

Question 4

the factor you measure to see the effect of the independent variable (2 terms)

Answer 4

dependent variable

responding variable

Question 5

the factors that are the same between the experimental group and the control group (2 terms)

Answer 5

constants

controlled variables

Question 6

the half of a controlled experiment used only for comparison, not the experimental group

Answer 6

control group

Question 7

the unit for temperature in metric system

- most commonly used in a lab

Answer 7

degrees Celsius (centigrade)

Question 8

the SI unit for temperature

Answer 8

Kelvin

Question 9

Why is Kelvin the preferred unit in SI?

Answer 9

absolute zero

Question 10

What are the freezing and boiling points of water in Celsius?

Answer 10

freezing - 0 degrees Celsius

boiling - 100 degrees Celsius

Question 11

a proposed explanation or a prediction about what will happen in a scientific experiment

Answer 11

hypothesis

Question 12

a visual way of displaying data

Answer 12

graph

Question 13

the SI unit for length

What tool measures length?

Answer 13

meter

meter stick or metric ruler

Question 14

the metric unit for liquid volume

What tool measures liquid volume?

Answer 14

liter

graduated cylinder

Question 15

the SI unit for mass

What tool measures mass?

Answer 15

kilogram

balance

Question 16

1ml equals

Answer 16

1cc or 1cm3

Question 17

the most important lab safety rule

Answer 17

follow the directions

Question 18

Give two reasons why SI is the preferred system of measurement in science.

Answer 18

1. universal

2. decimal system - based on tens (easier)

Question 19

When scientists try to avoid having preconceived opinions about their experiments, they are avoiding what?

Answer 19

bias

Question 20

a well-tested, well-supported big idea in science that unifies hypotheses, the dominant view - give examples

Answer 20

theory - cell theory, atomic theory, germ theory

Question 21

a trait of scientists that makes them want to know

Answer 21

curiosity

Question 22

a trait of scientists that makes them want evidence

When scientists question existing ideas and refuse to accept explanations without evidence, they are being what?

Answer 22

skeptical

Question 23

a trait of scientists that allows them to see different points of view
When scientists are willing to look at ideas that are different from their own, they are being what?

Answer 23

open-minded

Question 24

a trait of scientists that helps them come up with experiments

Answer 24

creative

Question 25

applied science, science put to use

Answer 25

technology

Question 26

a logical interpretation of data

Answer 26

inference

Question 27

Why do scientists publish the results of their experiments? (2 reasons)

Answer 27

peer review | share ideas

Question 28

What are the two major types of data, and how are they different?

Answer 28

qualitative - a judgment | quantitative - a number or quantity

Question 29

Why do scientists prefer to quantify whenever possible?

Answer 29

measurements can be replicated and agreed upon

Question 30

How can scientists improve their observations?

Answer 30

use tools like microscopes and rulers

Question 31

What are two common sources of error in scientific tests?

Answer 31

human error | mechanical error

Question 32

Why do we need a large sample size in a scientific experiment?

Answer 32

insures reliability

Question 33

a logical interpretation of data

Answer 33

inference

Question 34

What is the meaning of the root word hypo? Give an example word.

Answer 34

below - hypothesis

Question 35

What is the meaning of the root word scientia? Give an example word.

Answer 35

to know - science

Question 36

a body of knowledge gained by observation and experimentation, a way of knowing about the natural world

Answer 36

science

Question 37

What are the goals of science?

Answer 37

to explain the natural world, find patterns, and make useful predictions

Question 38

Name the two major types of microscopes, and give the advantage and disadvantage of each.

Answer 38

compound light microscope - can see living things but with less detail electron microscopes - can see in great detail but must be dead

Question 39

to notice using your senses

Answer 39

observation

Question 40

What does the process of science usually begin with?

Answer 40

an observation that makes you ask a question

Question 41

a proposed explanation that needs to be tested, a prediction or educated guess about what might happen in an experiment

Answer 41

hypotheses

Question 42

Can a hypothesis ever be proven 100% correct?

Answer 42

no, it just gets supported by the current evidence

Question 43

What does it take to disprove a hypothesis?

Answer 43

a single experiment

Question 44

What should happen to a theory that holds true most of the time but can't explain a particular event?

Answer 44

needs to be revised

Question 45

How are hypotheses usually written?

Answer 45

if/then, if the independent variable is changed or manipulated in this way, then the dependent variable will respond in this way

Question 46

a scientific test where only one variable is tested in at least two groups where one group has the variable and the other is identical except the variable and is used for comparison

Answer 46

controlled experiment

Question 47

2 names for the factor being tested in a controlled experiment

Answer 47

independent variable | manipulated variable

Question 48

the group being tested on

Answer 48

experimental group

Question 49

an organized place to record data

Answer 49

data table

Question 50

Name the 3 major types of graphs, and say what each is best for showing.

Answer 50

1. circle or pie graph - shows parts of a whole 2. bar graph - compares quantities or separate events 3. line graph - shows continuous data, the relationship between two variables

Question 51

When you look critically at the data to find patterns or look for sources of error to see if the data supports your hypothesis or not

Answer 51

analysis

Question 52

Saying whether you support or refute your hypothesis

Answer 52

conclusion

Question 53

when anonymous, independent experts look at your scientific process to see if it is high quality and to look for mistakes and bias

Answer 53

peer review

Question 54

When scientists put their work in journals for others to read, they are doing what?

Answer 54

publish

Question 55

Our choices about right and wrong are called what?

Answer 55

ethics

Question 56

a well-tested, well-supported explanation in science that explains a broad range of observations and enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations

Answer 56

theory

Question 57

What 4 things should be included in a good graph?

Answer 57

1. title saying effect of IV on DV 2. labeled axes with units 3. units go over equally and up equally 4. key

Question 58

What is the name for the horizontal axis? | What is the name for the vertical axis?

Answer 58

horizontal - X | vertical - Y

Question 59

Which axis often contains the IV? | Which axis contains the DV?

Answer 59

IV - X | DV - Y

Question 60

What should the title of a graph be written like?

Answer 60

The Effect of (IV) on (DV)

Question 61

What do you have to remember about the scale of the graph?

Answer 61

the units must go over evenly | the units must go up evenly

Question 62

What system of measurement is used in science?

Answer 62

System Internationale - SI - newer version of metric system

Question 63

What is the metric unit for time?

Answer 63

second

Question 64

What is the relationship between length and volume?

Answer 64

volume is cubic length

Question 65

What is the curve you must look for with liquid in a graduated cylinder, and how do you measure it?

Answer 65

meniscus - measure from the bottom

Question 66

How is mass different from weight?

Answer 66

weight is affected by gravity and therefore changes.

Question 67

How do you find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

Answer 67

water displacement

Question 68

What is the freezing point of water in Kelvin? | boiling point?

Answer 68

273K | 373K

Question 69

the amount of matter in an object

Answer 69

mass

Question 70

the amount of space an object takes up

Answer 70

volume

Question 71

mass/volume

Answer 71

density

Question 72

if something is more dense than a fluid, what happens?

Answer 72

sinks

Question 73

if something is less dense than a fluid, what happens?

Answer 73

floats

Question 74

kilo

Answer 74

1000

Question 75

milli

Answer 75

.001

Question 76

deci

Answer 76

.1

Question 77

deca

Answer 77

10

Question 78

hecto

Answer 78

100

Question 79

centi

Answer 79

.01

Question 80

the average of a set of numbers

Answer 80

mean

Question 81

the middle value in a set of numbers

Answer 81

median

Question 82

the most frequent value in a set of numbers

Answer 82

mode

Question 83

the highest value minus the lowest value in a set of numbers

Answer 83

range

Question 84

a mathematical expression used to represent a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by ten, so you can write large numbers using less digits

Answer 84

scientific notation

Question 85

Express in correct scientific notation: 61,500

Answer 85

6.15 X 10 4

Question 86

Express in correct scientific notation: 0.0000568

Answer 86

5.68 X 10 -5

Question 87

Express in standard form: 1.09 x 10 3

Answer 87

1,090

Question 88

Express in standard form: 3.078 x 10-4

Answer 88

.0003078

Question 89

How many significant figures does 5681.03 have?

Answer 89

6

Question 90

How many significant figures does 0.53170 have?

Answer 90

5

Question 91

Solve: 345.009 g - 23.009 g = ?

Answer 91

322.000 g

Question 92

Complete the following problem: A piece of stone has a mass of 24.595 grams and a volume of 5.34 cm 3. What is the density of the stone? (remember that density = m/v)

Answer 92

4.61 g/cm3

Question 93

Solve: 1.23 m x 0.89 m = ?

Answer 93

1.1 m 2

Question 94

Convert the following measurement to scientific notation: 101 000 grams

Answer 94

1.01 x 105 g

Question 95

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.00130 cm?

Answer 95

three

Question 96

What is the mean, median, mode, and range for the following number set: 7, 2, 10, 10, 10, 2, 7

Answer 96

mean - 6.9 median - 7 mode - 10 range - 8

Question 97

What do you look through on a microscope (2 terms)

Answer 97

eyepiece or ocular lens

Question 98

the microscope part that you put the slide on

Answer 98

stage

Question 99

what adjusts the light on a microscope

Answer 99

diaphragm

Question 100

the shortest objective lens on a microscope

Answer 100

scanning lens

Question 101

the scanning, low, and high power lenses

Answer 101

objective lenses

Question 102

What lens do you always start with when using a microscope

Answer 102

the lowest power

Question 103

What should be used to clean microscope lenses? Why?

Answer 103

lens paper - prevent scratching

Question 104

How should you carry a microscope?

Answer 104

2 hands, 1 on arm and 1 on base

Question 105

Why should you only use fine focus on high power?

Answer 105

so you don't cause the lens to hit the slide

Question 106

What lets you turn from one objective to another on a microscpe

Answer 106

revolving nosepiece

Question 107

How do you find total magnification on a microscope?

Answer 107

multiply ocular times objective

Question 108

Why should you always cover a microscope?

Answer 108

to prevent dust from accumulating

Question 109

What shape is the field of view on a microscope? | What happens to the field of view when the object is magnified more?

Answer 109

circle | gets smaller

Question 110

What is the purpose of staining objects to be viewed under the microscope? What is a downside to staining?

Answer 110

more contrast to see

Question 111

Why do you put the cover slip down on an angle with one edge first when preparing a wet mount?

Answer 111

prevent air bubbles