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biology > biology unit 2 - scientific process > Flashcards

biology unit 2 - scientific process Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

an issue about right or wrong applied to a biology issue

A

bioethical issue

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2
Q

recorded scientific information, gathered by observation

A

data

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3
Q

running an experiment in two groups for comparison, only the experimental group has the variable

A

controlled experiment

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4
Q

the factor you measure to see the effect of the independent variable (2 terms)

A

dependent variable

responding variable

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5
Q

the factors that are the same between the experimental group and the control group (2 terms)

A

constants

controlled variables

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6
Q

the half of a controlled experiment used only for comparison, not the experimental group

A

control group

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7
Q

the unit for temperature in metric system

- most commonly used in a lab

A

degrees Celsius (centigrade)

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8
Q

the SI unit for temperature

A

Kelvin

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9
Q

Why is Kelvin the preferred unit in SI?

A

absolute zero

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10
Q

What are the freezing and boiling points of water in Celsius?

A

freezing - 0 degrees Celsius

boiling - 100 degrees Celsius

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11
Q

a proposed explanation or a prediction about what will happen in a scientific experiment

A

hypothesis

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12
Q

a visual way of displaying data

A

graph

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13
Q

the SI unit for length

What tool measures length?

A

meter

meter stick or metric ruler

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14
Q

the metric unit for liquid volume

What tool measures liquid volume?

A

liter

graduated cylinder

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15
Q

the SI unit for mass

What tool measures mass?

A

kilogram

balance

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16
Q

1ml equals

A

1cc or 1cm3

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17
Q

the most important lab safety rule

A

follow the directions

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18
Q

Give two reasons why SI is the preferred system of measurement in science.

A
  1. universal

2. decimal system - based on tens (easier)

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19
Q

When scientists try to avoid having preconceived opinions about their experiments, they are avoiding what?

A

bias

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20
Q

a well-tested, well-supported big idea in science that unifies hypotheses, the dominant view - give examples

A

theory - cell theory, atomic theory, germ theory

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21
Q

a trait of scientists that makes them want to know

A

curiosity

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22
Q

a trait of scientists that makes them want evidence

When scientists question existing ideas and refuse to accept explanations without evidence, they are being what?

A

skeptical

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23
Q

a trait of scientists that allows them to see different points of view
When scientists are willing to look at ideas that are different from their own, they are being what?

A

open-minded

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24
Q

a trait of scientists that helps them come up with experiments

A

creative

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25
Q

applied science, science put to use

A

technology

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26
Q

a logical interpretation of data

A

inference

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27
Q

Why do scientists publish the results of their experiments? (2 reasons)

A

peer review

share ideas

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28
Q

What are the two major types of data, and how are they different?

A

qualitative - a judgment

quantitative - a number or quantity

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29
Q

Why do scientists prefer to quantify whenever possible?

A

measurements can be replicated and agreed upon

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30
Q

How can scientists improve their observations?

A

use tools like microscopes and rulers

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31
Q

What are two common sources of error in scientific tests?

A

human error

mechanical error

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32
Q

Why do we need a large sample size in a scientific experiment?

A

insures reliability

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33
Q

a logical interpretation of data

A

inference

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34
Q

What is the meaning of the root word hypo? Give an example word.

A

below - hypothesis

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35
Q

What is the meaning of the root word scientia? Give an example word.

A

to know - science

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36
Q

a body of knowledge gained by observation and experimentation, a way of knowing about the natural world

A

science

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37
Q

What are the goals of science?

A

to explain the natural world, find patterns, and make useful predictions

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38
Q

Name the two major types of microscopes, and give the advantage and disadvantage of each.

A

compound light microscope - can see living things but with less detail
electron microscopes - can see in great detail but must be dead

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39
Q

to notice using your senses

A

observation

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40
Q

What does the process of science usually begin with?

A

an observation that makes you ask a question

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41
Q

a proposed explanation that needs to be tested, a prediction or educated guess about what might happen in an experiment

A

hypotheses

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42
Q

Can a hypothesis ever be proven 100% correct?

A

no, it just gets supported by the current evidence

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43
Q

What does it take to disprove a hypothesis?

A

a single experiment

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44
Q

What should happen to a theory that holds true most of the time but can’t explain a particular event?

A

needs to be revised

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45
Q

How are hypotheses usually written?

A

if/then, if the independent variable is changed or manipulated in this way, then the dependent variable will respond in this way

46
Q

a scientific test where only one variable is tested in at least two groups where one group has the variable and the other is identical except the variable and is used for comparison

A

controlled experiment

47
Q

2 names for the factor being tested in a controlled experiment

A

independent variable

manipulated variable

48
Q

the group being tested on

A

experimental group

49
Q

an organized place to record data

A

data table

50
Q

Name the 3 major types of graphs, and say what each is best for showing.

A
  1. circle or pie graph - shows parts of a whole
  2. bar graph - compares quantities or separate events
  3. line graph - shows continuous data, the relationship between two variables
51
Q

When you look critically at the data to find patterns or look for sources of error to see if the data supports your hypothesis or not

A

analysis

52
Q

Saying whether you support or refute your hypothesis

A

conclusion

53
Q

when anonymous, independent experts look at your scientific process to see if it is high quality and to look for mistakes and bias

A

peer review

54
Q

When scientists put their work in journals for others to read, they are doing what?

A

publish

55
Q

Our choices about right and wrong are called what?

A

ethics

56
Q

a well-tested, well-supported explanation in science that explains a broad range of observations and enables scientists to make accurate predictions about new situations

A

theory

57
Q

What 4 things should be included in a good graph?

A
  1. title saying effect of IV on DV
  2. labeled axes with units
  3. units go over equally and up equally
  4. key
58
Q

What is the name for the horizontal axis?

What is the name for the vertical axis?

A

horizontal - X

vertical - Y

59
Q

Which axis often contains the IV?

Which axis contains the DV?

A

IV - X

DV - Y

60
Q

What should the title of a graph be written like?

A

The Effect of (IV) on (DV)

61
Q

What do you have to remember about the scale of the graph?

A

the units must go over evenly

the units must go up evenly

62
Q

What system of measurement is used in science?

A

System Internationale - SI - newer version of metric system

63
Q

What is the metric unit for time?

A

second

64
Q

What is the relationship between length and volume?

A

volume is cubic length

65
Q

What is the curve you must look for with liquid in a graduated cylinder, and how do you measure it?

A

meniscus - measure from the bottom

66
Q

How is mass different from weight?

A

weight is affected by gravity and therefore changes.

67
Q

How do you find the volume of an irregularly shaped solid?

A

water displacement

68
Q

What is the freezing point of water in Kelvin?

boiling point?

A

273K

373K

69
Q

the amount of matter in an object

A

mass

70
Q

the amount of space an object takes up

A

volume

71
Q

mass/volume

A

density

72
Q

if something is more dense than a fluid, what happens?

A

sinks

73
Q

if something is less dense than a fluid, what happens?

A

floats

74
Q

kilo

A

1000

75
Q

milli

A

.001

76
Q

deci

A

.1

77
Q

deca

A

10

78
Q

hecto

A

100

79
Q

centi

A

.01

80
Q

the average of a set of numbers

A

mean

81
Q

the middle value in a set of numbers

A

median

82
Q

the most frequent value in a set of numbers

A

mode

83
Q

the highest value minus the lowest value in a set of numbers

A

range

84
Q

a mathematical expression used to represent a decimal number between 1 and 10 multiplied by ten, so you can write large numbers using less digits

A

scientific notation

85
Q

Express in correct scientific notation: 61,500

A

6.15 X 10 4

86
Q

Express in correct scientific notation: 0.0000568

A

5.68 X 10 -5

87
Q

Express in standard form: 1.09 x 10 3

A

1,090

88
Q

Express in standard form: 3.078 x 10-4

A

.0003078

89
Q

How many significant figures does 5681.03 have?

A

6

90
Q

How many significant figures does 0.53170 have?

A

5

91
Q

Solve: 345.009 g - 23.009 g = ?

A

322.000 g

92
Q

Complete the following problem: A piece of stone has a mass of 24.595 grams and a volume of 5.34 cm 3. What is the density of the stone? (remember that density = m/v)

A

4.61 g/cm3

93
Q

Solve: 1.23 m x 0.89 m = ?

A

1.1 m 2

94
Q

Convert the following measurement to scientific notation: 101 000 grams

A

1.01 x 105 g

95
Q

How many significant figures are in the measurement 0.00130 cm?

A

three

96
Q

What is the mean, median, mode, and range for the following number set: 7, 2, 10, 10, 10, 2, 7

A

mean - 6.9
median - 7
mode - 10
range - 8

97
Q

What do you look through on a microscope (2 terms)

A

eyepiece or ocular lens

98
Q

the microscope part that you put the slide on

A

stage

99
Q

what adjusts the light on a microscope

A

diaphragm

100
Q

the shortest objective lens on a microscope

A

scanning lens

101
Q

the scanning, low, and high power lenses

A

objective lenses

102
Q

What lens do you always start with when using a microscope

A

the lowest power

103
Q

What should be used to clean microscope lenses? Why?

A

lens paper - prevent scratching

104
Q

How should you carry a microscope?

A

2 hands, 1 on arm and 1 on base

105
Q

Why should you only use fine focus on high power?

A

so you don’t cause the lens to hit the slide

106
Q

What lets you turn from one objective to another on a microscpe

A

revolving nosepiece

107
Q

How do you find total magnification on a microscope?

A

multiply ocular times objective

108
Q

Why should you always cover a microscope?

A

to prevent dust from accumulating

109
Q

What shape is the field of view on a microscope?

What happens to the field of view when the object is magnified more?

A

circle

gets smaller

110
Q

What is the purpose of staining objects to be viewed under the microscope? What is a downside to staining?

A

more contrast to see

111
Q

Why do you put the cover slip down on an angle with one edge first when preparing a wet mount?

A

prevent air bubbles

biology (16 decks)

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