semester 1 final 2016

Question 1

How are plants and animals similar?

Answer 1

multicellular, eukaryotic, can have both sexual and asexual reproduction

Question 2

How are plants and animals different?

Answer 2

Plants are autotrophs, and animals are heterotrophs.
Plants have cell walls, and animals don’t have cell walls.
Animals are usually motile, and plants are not motile.

Question 3

What are the 4 chordate characteristics?

Answer 3

notochord, nerve cord, pharyngeal slits and a post-anal tail

Question 4

What do the pharyngeal slits become in humans?

Answer 4

jaw, throat and ear

Question 5

What do the pharyngeal slits become in fish?

Answer 5

gills

Question 6

Are all vertebrates chordates?

Answer 6

yes - notochord becomes backbone

Question 7

Are all chordates vertebrates?

Answer 7

no - There are nonvertebrate chordates like lancelets and tunicates.

Question 8

Are there more vertebrates or invertebrates?

Answer 8

invertebrates - 95%

Question 9

What is the purpose of negative feedback or feedback inhibition?

Answer 9

allows organisms to maintain homeostasis

Question 10

What body system allows organisms to transport nutrients, oxygen, hormones, wastes…?

Answer 10

circulatory or cardiovascular

Question 11

Which body system breaks food down into usable form?

Answer 11

digestive

Question 12

Which body system allows gas exchange?

Answer 12

respiratory

Question 13

Which body system allows organisms to get rid of waste?

Answer 13

excretory

Question 14

Which body system provides support and protection?

Answer 14

skeletal

Question 15

Which body system allows organisms to move by contracting?

Answer 15

muscular

Question 16

In a changing environment, animals reproduce how?

Answer 16

sexually with haploid gametes

Question 17

What type of body symmetry do most animals have where they have a definite head and tail end?

Answer 17

bilateral symmetry

Question 18

a concentration of sensory structures in the head end of an organism is called what

Answer 18

cephalization

Question 19

germ layer that forms skin and nerves

Answer 19

ectoderm

Question 20

germ layer that forms digestive and respiratory structures

Answer 20

endoderm

Question 21

germ layer that forms muscle, bone, blood, and CT

Answer 21

mesoderm

Question 22

What germ layer is the last to form?

Answer 22

mesoderm

Question 23

Name the two groups of animals with radial symmetry.

Answer 23

cnidarians - corals, anemones and jellyfish

echinoderms - starfish, urchins, sand dollars

Question 24

What group of organisms are asymmetrical?

Answer 24

poriferans - sponges

Question 25

animals where the mouth forms first from the blastopore

Answer 25

protostomes

Question 26

animals where the mouth forms second, after the anus which forms from the blastopore

Answer 26

deuterostomes

Question 27

During what major time period of the geologic time scale did the ancestors of most major phyla (groups) appear?

Answer 27

Cambrian

Question 28

What are the major goals of science?

Answer 28

to understand and explain the natural world and to make useful predictions

Question 29

How is science different from every other field of study?

Answer 29

Science runs experiments to test its ideas.

Question 30

information gathered in science

Answer 30

data

Question 31

What kind of data do scientists prefer and why?

Answer 31

quantitative because it is a number and should be agreed upon

Question 32

a suggestion about what you think will happen in an experiment is called what?

Answer 32

hypothesis

Question 33

How many variables should be tested in a controlled experiment?

Answer 33

1

Question 34

Who are the peers in peer review?

Answer 34

anonymous, independent experts, other scientists

Question 35

What is an advantage of publishing results of experiments in peer reviewed journals?

Answer 35

It can advance science by helping other scientists come up with ideas to study.

Question 36

a personal preference or point of view

Answer 36

bias

Question 37

a well tested, well supported big idea that explains many observations

Answer 37

theory

Question 38

What happens to a theory that explains some observations but not all?

Answer 38

It is revised

Question 39

the basic unit of length in the metric system

Answer 39

meter

Question 40

What particle is found outside the nucleus of atoms?

Answer 40

electrons

Question 41

What type of electron is available to form bonds?

Answer 41

valence

Question 42

What causes covalent bonds?

Answer 42

atoms share electrons

Question 43

What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?

Answer 43

positive cation

Question 44

What property of water causes it to stick to the sides of a graduated cylinder and form a meniscus?

Answer 44

adhesion - sticky

Question 45

When salt is dissolved in water, water is the? | salt is the?

Answer 45

water - solvent | salt - solute

Question 46

substances with a pH above 7 substances with a pH below 7 substances with a pH of 7

Answer 46

above 7 - bases below 7 - acids 7 - neutral

Question 47

substances with more H than OH

Answer 47

acids

Question 48

substances with more OH than H

Answer 48

bases

Question 49

Why is C so good at forming organic compounds and living organisms?

Answer 49

C can form 4 bonds with itself and other chemicals to make many complex structures.

Question 50

Name the 4 major organic compounds. Include their monomer and polymer.

Answer 50

1. carbohydrates - monosaccharides like glucose and polysaccharides 2. proteins - amino acids and polypeptides 3. lipids - fatty acids and triglycerides 4. nucleic acids - nucleotides and polynucleotides

Question 51

According to the Law of Conservation of Matter, what happens to atoms in a chemical reaction?

Answer 51

rearranged

Question 52

what goes into a chemical reaction | what comes out of a chemical reaction

Answer 52

reactants - go in | products - come out

Question 53

the energy needed to get a reaction started

Answer 53

activation energy

Question 54

the factor in an experiment that affects another factor - the one manipulated in the experiment

Answer 54

IV - independent

Question 55

the factor being measured in an experiment to determine the effect of the factor being tested - the responding variable

Answer 55

DV - dependent

Question 56

What is the purpose of the group not being tested in an experiment? What is this group called?

Answer 56

control - for comparing to the experimental group

Question 57

When only articles about experiments that meet good scientific standards (e.g., acknowledge and build upon other work in the field, rely on logical reasoning and well-designed studies, back up claims with evidence, etc.) are accepted for publication.

Answer 57

peer review

Question 58

What happens to organisms that can't adapt to their environment?

Answer 58

go extinct

Question 59

What happens in acid base neutralization reactions?

Answer 59

H and OH equal out and a salt and water are formed

Question 60

What do enzymes do to reactions? How?

Answer 60

speed up reactions by lowering the activation energy

Question 61

What happens to the number of an organism if its predators go up?

Answer 61

go down

Question 62

What happens to the number of an organism if its predators go down?

Answer 62

go up

Question 63

Only a small amount of the energy stored in food is available to the next organism in a food chain because

Answer 63

10% because it is used by the organism or lost as heat

Question 64

What is the abiotic source of most nitrogen?

Answer 64

atmosphere

Question 65

Bacteria that break down the nutrients in dead matter into simpler substances that are taken up by plant roots are called

Answer 65

decomposers

Question 66

In an energy pyramid, which way does energy transfer?

Answer 66

from the bottom to the top

Question 67

Which organism does NOT require sunlight to start a food chain? Where are they found?

Answer 67

chemosynthetic bacteria at hydrothermal vents

Question 68

The movements of energy and nutrients through living systems are different because

Answer 68

energy flows - 1 way | nutrients recycle

Question 69

If a lake receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, which of these would happen first?

Answer 69

algal bloom - algae would overproduce

Question 70

Which is a biotic factor that affects the size of a population in a specific ecosystem?

Answer 70

number of predators

Question 71

no two organisms can occupy the exact same niche at the same time due to

Answer 71

competitive exclusion principle

Question 72

living factors

Answer 72

biotic

Question 73

nonliving factors

Answer 73

abiotic

Question 74

On a rock outcrop that has never been home to living organisms, what is likely to be the first organism to grow there? What are they called?

Answer 74

lichen can live on bare rock - pioneer organism

Question 75

What determines the kind of plants that can live in an area?

Answer 75

climate

Question 76

What determines the kind of animals that can live in an area?

Answer 76

plants

Question 77

What causes the three major climate zones on Earth?

Answer 77

unequal heating of the Earth due to different latitudes

Question 78

the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support

Answer 78

carrying capacity

Question 79

What type of growth curve shows a healthy population in a stable environment? What shape is that curve?

Answer 79

logistic - S curve

Question 80

What type of growth curve is seen in non-native, introduced species? Why?

Answer 80

exponential - no predators

Question 81

factors that slow population growth

Answer 81

limiting factors

Question 82

Give examples of limiting factors.

Answer 82

predators, parasites, disease, availability of resources

Question 83

a stable internal environment - mostly the same

Answer 83

homeostasis

Question 84

a chain of monomers

Answer 84

polymer

Question 85

a polysaccharide is a chain of what monomer

Answer 85

monosaccharides - sugars

Question 86

What chemical reaction builds polymers

Answer 86

dehydration synthesis

Question 87

Why are organic compounds often called macromolecules?

Answer 87

They are made of polymers or long chains.

Question 88

What organic compound is the structure and function of the body?

Answer 88

proteins

Question 89

Why do atoms bond?

Answer 89

to become stable - octet rule

Question 90

a hollow ball of cells embryo stage

Answer 90

blastula

Question 91

Why are echinoderms considered so closely related to chordates?

Answer 91

Both are deuterostomes.

Question 92

What is necessary for depth perception?

Answer 92

binocular vision

Question 93

What are advanced primate characteristics?

Answer 93

nails instead of claws, binocular vision, and opposable thumbs for a good grip

Question 94

The shape of the enzyme where it connects to other chemicals to initiate the reaction is the

Answer 94

active site

Question 95

Most enzymes belong to what group of organic compounds?

Answer 95

proteins

Question 96

The chemicals that an enzyme works on are called the

Answer 96

substrate

Question 97

What happens to an enzyme when it is denatured.

Answer 97

changes shape and can't function

Question 98

What is the most common suffix for an enzyme?

Answer 98

-ase