Sedatives and Tranquilizers

Question 1

opiods

Answer 1

stop release of glutamate -> no pain

Question 2

butorphanol

Answer 2

partial kappa agonist, mu antagonist ->

Question 3

morphine and butorphanol

Answer 3

compete for mu receptor, butorphanol decreases the response

Question 4

dexmedetomidine and xylazine

romifidine detomodine

Answer 4

alpha 2 agonists
both small and large dexmedetomidine
just large - xylazine, romifidine and detomidine

Question 5

difference between alpha 2 agonists

Answer 5

duration:

xylazine< detomidine = romifidine < dexmedetomidine

Question 6

side effects alpha 2 agonists

Answer 6

vasoconstriction, BP doesnt equal flow (hypoperfusion)

takes blood away from other systems, all the blood is going to heart and brain

Question 7

dexmedetomidine blocks

Answer 7

insulin receptor, psuedo hyperglycemia

Question 8

Antipamazole

Answer 8

don’t give IV because dex vasoconstricts

reverses all the alpha 2s

Question 9

yohimbine reverses

Answer 9

only xylazine

Question 10

side affects of a2 reversals is

Answer 10

vasodilation

Question 11

Acepromazine

Answer 11

• high protein bound!

- worst side effect is liver failure

Question 12

benzodiazepines

Answer 12

diazepam, midazolam, zolazepam

Question 13

which are lipid soluble

Answer 13

midazolam and zolazepam are liposoluble

diazepam is hydrosoluble

Question 14

diazepam

Answer 14

give IV only

Question 15

Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines

Answer 15

GABA agonist

Question 16

Flumazenil

Answer 16

reversal for all the benzodiazapines

Question 17

constriction v. dilation

Answer 17

alpha 2 constricts and ace dilates