GI Drugs Flashcards
Which drugs are H2 inhibitors (H2 Antagonists)?
Ranitidine(also prokinetic), famotidine
Coating agents (area of stomach that’s damaged)
sucralfate
prokinetic agent used against ulceration
cisapride
H:K ATPase inhibitor? Give ~30min before feeding
omeprazole, pantropazole, lansoprazole
Can lead to ulcers?
NSAIDS
5 Ways we can prevent gastric ulceration?
- Antacids
- Block Acid secretion by parietal cell (H2 inhib, PPI)
- Mucosal coating agents
- PGE1 analogs (act as antacids)
- Prokinetics
Induction of vomiting
dopamine agonist, adernergic agonist, irritants
apomorphine
dopamine agonist, induces vomiting
xylazine
adrenergic agonist, induces vomiting
H2O2
irritant, induces vomiting
dexmedetomidine
adrenergic agonist induces vomitting
difference between how the dopamine and adrenergic agonists induce vomiting?
D2 ag acts on chemo-receptor trigger zone and a2 ag acts on the vomiting center
Inducing vomiting in a dog v. cat?
Apomorphine in Dogs, Xylazine in cats
Anti-emetics
M1 inhibitors H1 inhibitors antimuscarinics adrenergic antagonists neurokinin antagonists irritants (ginger) dopamine antagonists serotonin antagonists
M1 inhibitors
useful for motion sickness, not as common as H1 inhibitors
H1 inhibitors (regarding vomiting)
useful for motion sickness
Diphenhydramine, promethazine
antimuscarinics
Paralyze the gut! Doesn’t actually fix the problem! BAD
Centrine
adrenergic antagonists
prochlorperazine, acepromazine, chlorpromazine
side effect, dec. BP
Nuerokinin antagonists
maropitant (cirenia)
irritants
ginger
dopamine antagonists
metochlopramide (used to be best, but then found some brain side effects, tremors)
serotonin antagonists
ondansetron
diphenhydramine
H1 inhibitor, antiemetic
promethazine
H1 inhibitor, antiemetic
Prochlorperazine
adrenergic antagonist, antiemetic
acepromazine
adrenergic antagonist, antiemetic
maropitant
NK1 antagonist, antiemetic
metochlopramide
dopamine antagonist, antiemetic
5HT3 ant/ 5HT4 ag, prokinetic
ondansetron
serotonin antagonist, anti-emetic
centrine
antimuscarinic, anti-emetic
Prokinetics
- mixed 5HT3 antagonists/ 5HT4(serotonin) agonist
- 5HT4 agonist
- muscarinic agonists (bethanocol)
- Motilin agonist (erythromycin)
- Anticholinesterases (Ranitidine)
- Epidural analgesia (Lidocaine)
- Somatostatin Analog (octreotide)
- ginger
cisapride
mixed 5HT3 ant/5HT4 ag, prokinetic
Mixed 5HT3 ant/5HT4 agonists
prokinetics
metaclopramide, cisapride, mirtazapine
Erythromycin
motilin agonist, prokinetic
Ranitidine
H2 inhibitor, ulcer preventative
Anticholinesterase, prokinetic
Lidocaine
epidural analgesia, prokinetic
Octreotide
somatostatin analog, prokinetic
Opioid receptor agonists
promote segmental not propagated contractions
vary in penetration of BBB
diphenoxylate
opioid agonist, antidiarrheal
Loperamide
Opioid agonist, antidiarrheal
Bismuth Subsalicylate (PeptoBismol)
PGE, cAMP(SI secretion) inhibitor, antidiarrheal
Antidiarrheals
Morphine/Opioid agonists
Inhibitors of SI secretion
Absorbents (for Osmotic diarrhea)
absorbents
tx osmotic diarrhea, efficacy uncertain
Kaolin, Attapulgite, Dioctahedral Smectite, Activated Charcoal
Kaolin
Absorbent, anti-diarrheal
Attapulgite
Absorbent, anti-diarrheal
Dioctahedral Smectite
Absorbent, anti-diarrheal
Activated Charcoal
tx for poisoning
Absorbent, anti-diarrheal
Should you give antibiotics for Small Intestinal Diarrhea?
NO
unless you are 100% sure the pathogen is there or if you cut hole in gut during surgery or if parvovirus
Enrofloxacin
antibiotic used for specific Salmonella infection
Tetracycline
Small Intestinal dysbiosis
Metronidazole
Small Intestinal dysbiosis
Tylosin
Small Intestinal dysbiosis
Enterococcus faecium
Probiotic
Bifidobacterium animalis
Probiotic
Prednisone/Prednisolone
Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory
Dexamethasone
7x as strong as Prednisone
Corticosteroid, Anti-inflammatory
Budesonide
less side effects (FPE) but not as good as an induction agent
Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory
Azathioprine
Alkylating agent, Immunosuppressive
Cyclophosphamide
affects T-cells
Alkylating agent, , immunosupressive
Leflunamide
Anti-Inflammatory
Mycophenolate mofetil
Anti-Inflammatory
sulfasalizine
Aminosalicylates, Anti-Inflammatory
Cyclosporin
immunosuppressive
Olsalazine
Aminosalicylates, anti-inflammatory
Magnesium Sulfate
osmotic agent, laxitive
Colyte
osmotic agent, laxitive
soluble fiber
bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive
psyllium
bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive
pumpkin
bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive
lactulose
bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive
mineral oil
lubricant, laxitive
risk of inhalation pneumonia
petrolatum
lubricant, laxitive
Dioctyl Sodiium sulphosuccinate
emolient (wetting agent), Laxitive
Fenbendazole
good anti-parasitic for round worms
Pyrantel
anti-parasitic for round worms
Ponazuril
Coccidiostat
Praziquantel
Anti-parasitic for Tapeworms
Milbemycin
anti-parasitic for toxocara, hook, whip
Chlorambucil
Alyklating agent, Immunosuppressive