GI Drugs Flashcards by Ashley Caprio

Which drugs are H2 inhibitors (H2 Antagonists)?

Ranitidine(also prokinetic), famotidine

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Coating agents (area of stomach that’s damaged)

sucralfate

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prokinetic agent used against ulceration

cisapride

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H:K ATPase inhibitor? Give ~30min before feeding

omeprazole, pantropazole, lansoprazole

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Can lead to ulcers?

NSAIDS

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5 Ways we can prevent gastric ulceration?

Antacids
Block Acid secretion by parietal cell (H2 inhib, PPI)
Mucosal coating agents
PGE1 analogs (act as antacids)
Prokinetics

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Induction of vomiting

dopamine agonist, adernergic agonist, irritants

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apomorphine

dopamine agonist, induces vomiting

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xylazine

adrenergic agonist, induces vomiting

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H2O2

irritant, induces vomiting

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dexmedetomidine

adrenergic agonist induces vomitting

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difference between how the dopamine and adrenergic agonists induce vomiting?

D2 ag acts on chemo-receptor trigger zone and a2 ag acts on the vomiting center

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Inducing vomiting in a dog v. cat?

Apomorphine in Dogs, Xylazine in cats

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Anti-emetics

M1 inhibitors
H1 inhibitors
antimuscarinics
adrenergic antagonists
neurokinin antagonists
irritants (ginger)
dopamine antagonists
serotonin antagonists

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M1 inhibitors

useful for motion sickness, not as common as H1 inhibitors

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H1 inhibitors (regarding vomiting)

useful for motion sickness

Diphenhydramine, promethazine

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antimuscarinics

Paralyze the gut! Doesn’t actually fix the problem! BAD

Centrine

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adrenergic antagonists

prochlorperazine, acepromazine, chlorpromazine

side effect, dec. BP

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Nuerokinin antagonists

maropitant (cirenia)

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irritants

ginger

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dopamine antagonists

metochlopramide (used to be best, but then found some brain side effects, tremors)

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serotonin antagonists

ondansetron

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diphenhydramine

H1 inhibitor, antiemetic

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promethazine

H1 inhibitor, antiemetic

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Prochlorperazine

adrenergic antagonist, antiemetic

acepromazine

adrenergic antagonist, antiemetic

maropitant

NK1 antagonist, antiemetic

metochlopramide

dopamine antagonist, antiemetic | 5HT3 ant/ 5HT4 ag, prokinetic

ondansetron

serotonin antagonist, anti-emetic

centrine

antimuscarinic, anti-emetic

Prokinetics

1. mixed 5HT3 antagonists/ 5HT4(serotonin) agonist 2. 5HT4 agonist 3. muscarinic agonists (bethanocol) 4. Motilin agonist (erythromycin) 5. Anticholinesterases (Ranitidine) 6. Epidural analgesia (Lidocaine) 7. Somatostatin Analog (octreotide) 8. ginger

cisapride

mixed 5HT3 ant/5HT4 ag, prokinetic

Mixed 5HT3 ant/5HT4 agonists

prokinetics | metaclopramide, cisapride, mirtazapine

Erythromycin

motilin agonist, prokinetic

Ranitidine

H2 inhibitor, ulcer preventative | Anticholinesterase, prokinetic

Lidocaine

epidural analgesia, prokinetic

Octreotide

somatostatin analog, prokinetic

Opioid receptor agonists

promote segmental not propagated contractions | vary in penetration of BBB

diphenoxylate

opioid agonist, antidiarrheal

Loperamide

Opioid agonist, antidiarrheal

Bismuth Subsalicylate (PeptoBismol)

PGE, cAMP(SI secretion) inhibitor, antidiarrheal

Antidiarrheals

Morphine/Opioid agonists Inhibitors of SI secretion Absorbents (for Osmotic diarrhea)

absorbents

tx osmotic diarrhea, efficacy uncertain | Kaolin, Attapulgite, Dioctahedral Smectite, Activated Charcoal

Kaolin

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

Attapulgite

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

Dioctahedral Smectite

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

Activated Charcoal

tx for poisoning | Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

Should you give antibiotics for Small Intestinal Diarrhea?

NO | unless you are 100% sure the pathogen is there or if you cut hole in gut during surgery or if parvovirus

Enrofloxacin

antibiotic used for specific Salmonella infection

Tetracycline

Small Intestinal dysbiosis

Metronidazole

Small Intestinal dysbiosis

Tylosin

Small Intestinal dysbiosis

Enterococcus faecium

Probiotic

Bifidobacterium animalis

Probiotic

Prednisone/Prednisolone

Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

Dexamethasone

7x as strong as Prednisone | Corticosteroid, Anti-inflammatory

Budesonide

less side effects (FPE) but not as good as an induction agent Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

Azathioprine

Alkylating agent, Immunosuppressive

Cyclophosphamide

affects T-cells | Alkylating agent, , immunosupressive

Leflunamide

Anti-Inflammatory

Mycophenolate mofetil

Anti-Inflammatory

sulfasalizine

Aminosalicylates, Anti-Inflammatory

Cyclosporin

immunosuppressive

Olsalazine

Aminosalicylates, anti-inflammatory

Magnesium Sulfate

osmotic agent, laxitive

Colyte

osmotic agent, laxitive

soluble fiber

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

psyllium

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

pumpkin

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

lactulose

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

mineral oil

lubricant, laxitive | risk of inhalation pneumonia

petrolatum

lubricant, laxitive

Dioctyl Sodiium sulphosuccinate

emolient (wetting agent), Laxitive

Fenbendazole

good anti-parasitic for round worms

Pyrantel

anti-parasitic for round worms

Ponazuril

Coccidiostat

Praziquantel

Anti-parasitic for Tapeworms

Milbemycin

anti-parasitic for toxocara, hook, whip

Chlorambucil

Alyklating agent, Immunosuppressive