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Pharmacology > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Which drugs are H2 inhibitors (H2 Antagonists)?

A

Ranitidine(also prokinetic), famotidine

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2
Q

Coating agents (area of stomach that’s damaged)

A

sucralfate

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3
Q

prokinetic agent used against ulceration

A

cisapride

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4
Q

H:K ATPase inhibitor? Give ~30min before feeding

A

omeprazole, pantropazole, lansoprazole

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5
Q

Can lead to ulcers?

A

NSAIDS

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6
Q

5 Ways we can prevent gastric ulceration?

A
  1. Antacids
  2. Block Acid secretion by parietal cell (H2 inhib, PPI)
  3. Mucosal coating agents
  4. PGE1 analogs (act as antacids)
  5. Prokinetics
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7
Q

Induction of vomiting

A

dopamine agonist, adernergic agonist, irritants

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8
Q

apomorphine

A

dopamine agonist, induces vomiting

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9
Q

xylazine

A

adrenergic agonist, induces vomiting

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10
Q

H2O2

A

irritant, induces vomiting

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11
Q

dexmedetomidine

A

adrenergic agonist induces vomitting

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12
Q

difference between how the dopamine and adrenergic agonists induce vomiting?

A

D2 ag acts on chemo-receptor trigger zone and a2 ag acts on the vomiting center

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13
Q

Inducing vomiting in a dog v. cat?

A

Apomorphine in Dogs, Xylazine in cats

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14
Q

Anti-emetics

A 
M1 inhibitors
H1 inhibitors
antimuscarinics
adrenergic antagonists
neurokinin antagonists
irritants (ginger)
dopamine antagonists
serotonin antagonists
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15
Q

M1 inhibitors

A

useful for motion sickness, not as common as H1 inhibitors

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16
Q

H1 inhibitors (regarding vomiting)

A

useful for motion sickness

Diphenhydramine, promethazine

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17
Q

antimuscarinics

A

Paralyze the gut! Doesn’t actually fix the problem! BAD

Centrine

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18
Q

adrenergic antagonists

A

prochlorperazine, acepromazine, chlorpromazine

side effect, dec. BP

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19
Q

Nuerokinin antagonists

A

maropitant (cirenia)

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20
Q

irritants

A

ginger

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21
Q

dopamine antagonists

A

metochlopramide (used to be best, but then found some brain side effects, tremors)

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22
Q

serotonin antagonists

A

ondansetron

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23
Q

diphenhydramine

A

H1 inhibitor, antiemetic

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24
Q

promethazine

A

H1 inhibitor, antiemetic

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25
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

adrenergic antagonist, antiemetic

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26
Q

acepromazine

A

adrenergic antagonist, antiemetic

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27
Q

maropitant

A

NK1 antagonist, antiemetic

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28
Q

metochlopramide

A

dopamine antagonist, antiemetic

5HT3 ant/ 5HT4 ag, prokinetic

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29
Q

ondansetron

A

serotonin antagonist, anti-emetic

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30
Q

centrine

A

antimuscarinic, anti-emetic

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31
Q

Prokinetics

A
  1. mixed 5HT3 antagonists/ 5HT4(serotonin) agonist
  2. 5HT4 agonist
  3. muscarinic agonists (bethanocol)
  4. Motilin agonist (erythromycin)
  5. Anticholinesterases (Ranitidine)
  6. Epidural analgesia (Lidocaine)
  7. Somatostatin Analog (octreotide)
  8. ginger
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32
Q

cisapride

A

mixed 5HT3 ant/5HT4 ag, prokinetic

33
Q

Mixed 5HT3 ant/5HT4 agonists

A

prokinetics

metaclopramide, cisapride, mirtazapine

34
Q

Erythromycin

A

motilin agonist, prokinetic

35
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 inhibitor, ulcer preventative

Anticholinesterase, prokinetic

36
Q

Lidocaine

A

epidural analgesia, prokinetic

37
Q

Octreotide

A

somatostatin analog, prokinetic

38
Q

Opioid receptor agonists

A

promote segmental not propagated contractions

vary in penetration of BBB

39
Q

diphenoxylate

A

opioid agonist, antidiarrheal

40
Q

Loperamide

A

Opioid agonist, antidiarrheal

41
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (PeptoBismol)

A

PGE, cAMP(SI secretion) inhibitor, antidiarrheal

42
Q

Antidiarrheals

A

Morphine/Opioid agonists
Inhibitors of SI secretion
Absorbents (for Osmotic diarrhea)

43
Q

absorbents

A

tx osmotic diarrhea, efficacy uncertain

Kaolin, Attapulgite, Dioctahedral Smectite, Activated Charcoal

44
Q

Kaolin

A

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

45
Q

Attapulgite

A

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

46
Q

Dioctahedral Smectite

A

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

47
Q

Activated Charcoal

A

tx for poisoning

Absorbent, anti-diarrheal

48
Q

Should you give antibiotics for Small Intestinal Diarrhea?

A

NO

unless you are 100% sure the pathogen is there or if you cut hole in gut during surgery or if parvovirus

49
Q

Enrofloxacin

A

antibiotic used for specific Salmonella infection

50
Q

Tetracycline

A

Small Intestinal dysbiosis

51
Q

Metronidazole

A

Small Intestinal dysbiosis

52
Q

Tylosin

A

Small Intestinal dysbiosis

53
Q

Enterococcus faecium

A

Probiotic

54
Q

Bifidobacterium animalis

A

Probiotic

55
Q

Prednisone/Prednisolone

A

Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

56
Q

Dexamethasone

A

7x as strong as Prednisone

Corticosteroid, Anti-inflammatory

57
Q

Budesonide

A

less side effects (FPE) but not as good as an induction agent
Corticosteroid, anti-inflammatory

58
Q

Azathioprine

A

Alkylating agent, Immunosuppressive

59
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

affects T-cells

Alkylating agent, , immunosupressive

60
Q

Leflunamide

A

Anti-Inflammatory

61
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil

A

Anti-Inflammatory

62
Q

sulfasalizine

A

Aminosalicylates, Anti-Inflammatory

63
Q

Cyclosporin

A

immunosuppressive

64
Q

Olsalazine

A

Aminosalicylates, anti-inflammatory

65
Q

Magnesium Sulfate

A

osmotic agent, laxitive

66
Q

Colyte

A

osmotic agent, laxitive

67
Q

soluble fiber

A

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

68
Q

psyllium

A

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

69
Q

pumpkin

A

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

70
Q

lactulose

A

bulk forming osmotic agent, laxitive

71
Q

mineral oil

A

lubricant, laxitive

risk of inhalation pneumonia

72
Q

petrolatum

A

lubricant, laxitive

73
Q

Dioctyl Sodiium sulphosuccinate

A

emolient (wetting agent), Laxitive

74
Q

Fenbendazole

A

good anti-parasitic for round worms

75
Q

Pyrantel

A

anti-parasitic for round worms

76
Q

Ponazuril

A

Coccidiostat

77
Q

Praziquantel

A

Anti-parasitic for Tapeworms

78
Q

Milbemycin

A

anti-parasitic for toxocara, hook, whip

79
Q

Chlorambucil

A

Alyklating agent, Immunosuppressive

Pharmacology (20 decks)

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