Anti-Cancer

Question 1

alkylating agents act by

Answer 1

crosslinking DNA (cross strand means more effective and more toxic)

Question 2

When cyclophosphamide is metabolized in the liver it produces ______ which kills cancer

Answer 2

phosphoramide mustard

Question 3

Blood in urine, happens in 25% dogs getting cyclophosphamide, distinguished from bladder infections because here its _______.

Answer 3

Bladder toxicity; sterile

acrolein interacts to ulcerate mucosa

Question 4

SIADHS can happen when an animal is on

Answer 4

Cyclophosphamide

Question 5

Chlorambucil

Answer 5

substitute for cyclophosphamide, causes intra-strand cross-linking so less effective than cyclophosphamide and doesn’t cause hemorrhagic cystitis

Question 6

Does chlorambucil cause myelosuppressioin?

Answer 6

yes, its a chemo drug, der

Question 7

Problem with chlorambucil

Answer 7

Needs to be kept cool

Question 8

Cross-strand interlinking, completely absorbed orally, penetrates BBB

Answer 8

lomustine

Question 9

drawback of lomustine

Answer 9

hepatic toxicity

Question 10

Procarbazine

Answer 10

alkylating agent, rescue drug

Question 11

Nephrotoxic?
Hepatotoxic?
Cardiotoxic?
Neurotoxic?

Answer 11

Cisplatin
Losmustine
Doxorubicin
Vincristine

Question 12

What do you never want to use on a cat? (causes fatal pulmonary edema in cats?)

Answer 12

Cisplatin

Question 13

Which platin is safe for cats?

Answer 13

Carboplatin

Question 14

What drugs are cell cycle phase specific?

Answer 14

Antimetbolites- (Methotrexate) S phase (making DNA)

Question 15

Methotrexate is closely bound to metabolism of _______. Which means?

Answer 15

folic acid (folate) 
mutagenic! Disrupts production of purines and pyrimadines, mainly in cancer cells...

Question 16

Antimetabolites can also make DNA nonfunctional by?

Answer 16

inserting things into DNA like uracil

Question 17

Methotrexate buzzword

Answer 17

anti-folate

Question 18

We don’t use methotrexate much except when we need to _________, like for a lymphoma.

Answer 18

cross the BBB

Question 19

cytosine arabinoside

Answer 19

probably not a question… pyrimidine analogue, crosses BBB, renal lymphoma

Question 20

Dactinomycin works by

Answer 20

binding DNA and blocking RNA transcription

Question 21

Which antibiotic does Free radical damage?

Answer 21

Doxorubicin

Question 22

Which antibiotic is most toxic?

Answer 22

Doxorubicin, bc does free radical damage and inhibits topoisomerases

Question 23

________ is used first, then when is maxed out of dose, you move to one of the other two

Answer 23

doxorubicin

if you go over that max -> cardiotoxicity

Question 24

doxorubicin toxicity

Answer 24

anaphylaxis, vesicant, cardiotoxicity

Question 25

antidote to doxorubicin, used to protect the heart

Answer 25

Zinecard

Question 26

Mitoxantrone and Dactinomycin

Answer 26

Mitoxantrone - expensive but not per dose

Dactinomycin- Non-cardiotoxic sub for doxorubicin

Question 27

M phase specific? bind to mitotic spindles

Answer 27

Plant Alkaloids (vincristine, vinblastine, vinorelbine)

Question 28

Vesicants

Answer 28

Doxorubicin and Vincristine

Question 29

How would you treat Mast Cell Tumor

Answer 29

Vinblastine

Question 30

Only drug that isn’t myelosuppressive alone

Answer 30

L-asparaginase.

but toxicity does cause anaphylaxis

Question 31

substitute for vincristine?

Answer 31

vinblastine

Question 32

why are hormones anti-cancer?

example?

Answer 32

lympholytic (induces apoptosis in lymphocytes)

prednisone

Question 33

Toceranib and Masitinib?

Answer 33

Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
anti-VEGF -> dangerous
just know that its an option, not a true cancer drug and toceranib is only available to specialists (masitinib only europe)

Question 34

Which drugs are cell-cycle specific?

Answer 34

Plant Alkaloids (taxanes, vinca alkaloids) and Antimetabolites (methotrexate, cytosine arabinoside)

Question 35

Which drugs are not cell-cycle specific?

Answer 35

Alkylating agents, antibiotics, platinum drugs