NSAIDs Flashcards
NSAIDs primarily act by inhibiting ________ which in turn decreases the production of ________
cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1/2)
AA metabolites or autocoids (Prostaglandins, prostacyclin, leukotrienes, thromboxanes)
General term for NSAIDs that Dr. Vickroy doesn’t like b/c its misleading
prostaglandin inhibitors (because most are not PGE2 antagonists and some have nothing to to with PGE2)
NSAIDs prevent platelets from forming TXAs, which is a potent
aggregating agent
Aspirin adverse effects
anti-coagulant/ promotes bleeding, stop taking before surgery
Most common adverse effect of NSAIDs
vomiting
GI is the most common life-threatening adverse effect
high acute doses or long term doses of NSAIDs will generally have adverse effects on which organs/organ systems?
GI and Kidney
eicosanoids are _____
autocoids
dual inhibitors block both?
COX and Lipoxygenase
Difference between constitutive and inducible COX enzymes?
COX-1 are constitutive, they are waiting on cells to be used
COX-2 are inducible, they need to be produced to then be used.
Generally COX-2 selective inhibitors will
inhibit COX-2 at lower concentrations than those needed to inhibit COX-1. It will also be safer, with less adverse effects
T/F NSAIDs only inhibit COX enzymes?
F
T/F glucocorticoids only inhibit PLA2?
F
Idiosyncratic effects to consider?
dogs with sulfonamide sensitivity may have hypersensitivity/allergic reaction to certain COX-2 inhibitors
NSAIDs are ___ soluble _____ acids and are highly ____-_____.
lipid soluble
organic
protein bound (also bound to food)
Ruminants have more ______ absorption
biphasic
NSAIDs are well absorbed _____.
orally
Phenylbutazone
non-selective
dogs and horses
(bad if consumed by humans)
Flunixin
Non-Selective
**approved for all large animal species
Carprofen
Non-Selective
*only dogs
Ketoprofen
Non-Selective
dogs, cats, horses
(dogs-more GI signs; horses-GI & renal)
Deracoxib
Cox-2 Selective!
well tolerated in dogs, watch for sulfonamide sensitivity
Tepoxalin
Dual inhibitor (Cox and Lox) dogs
