Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharmacology > Corticosteroids > Flashcards

Corticosteroids Flashcards

1
Q

What are corticosteroids

A

natural and synthetic substances that mimic the actions of cortisol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are some physiological effects of corticosteroids

A

anti-inflammatory
immunosuppressive
metabolic changes (carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism)
electrolyte balance and cardiovascular homeostasis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the Lowest doses of corticosteroids used for

A

treatment of adrenal insufficiency

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are intermediate doses of corticosteroids used for

A

anti-inflammatory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what are highest doses used for

A

immunosuppressive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical uses of corticosteroids

A

Allergies/Anti-inflammatory
Replacement therapy
Immunosuppression
Cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What 2 classes of receptors are stimulated by corticosteroid actions

A

Glucocorticoid

Mineralocorticoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Glucocorticoid actions

A 
Increased carbohydrate metabolism
protein catabolism
Fatty acid mobilization
Blockade of inflammatory cascade
Altered electrolyte and water balance 
CNS effects
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do adverse effects of glucorticoids correlate with

A

duration and dose of treatment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Chemistry changes caused by glucocorticoids

A

↑urine glucose
↑serum cholesterol
↓serum K+
↓measures of thyroid function (TSH, T3, T4) • Suppressed rxn to skin tests
Suppressed test for systemic bacterial infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Contraindications of glucocorticoids

A 
Untreated pre-existing conditions (bacterial, fungal, viral)
High doses in pregnant animals 
Diabetes 
Renal disease 
Heart failure
young animals 
GI ulcers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Group A (short acting glucocorticoids

A

hydrocortisone, prednisolone, prednisone, methylprednisolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Group B intermediate acting

A

triamcinolone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Group C

A

betamethasone, dexamethasone, dexamethasone sodium phosphate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the four chemical classes of glucocorticoids

A

Group A, B, C, D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the classes of glucorticoids based on route

A

topical agents
inhaled agents
oral agents
systemic agents

17
Q

T/F All glucocorticoids are synthetic agents

A

True

18
Q

Increased GCR and Decreased MCR associated with what

A

hydroxyl groups on C 21

19
Q

Is aldosterone a MR or GR

A

Mineralocorticoid

20
Q

Pharmocokinetic properties of glucocorticoids

A

Most elimination by hepatic metabolism
Certain Side chains can delay metabolism and increase duration of action
Most synthetic agents NOT bound to transcortin (which enhances cellular penetration and faster action and doesnt displace endogenous cortisol)

21
Q

Hydrocortisone

A

both glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid actions
given via all routes depending on salt formation
used in large and small animals

22
Q

Dexamethasone

A

most widely used across species (widely used in beef and dairy)
long-acting / rapid onset
does not interfere with Addison’s test

23
Q

routes used for Dex

A

PO, IM, IV, topical (opthalmic)

24
Q

Side effects of Dex

A

colonic perforation and laminitis

25
Q

Triamclinone

A

Poorly soluble ester / long acting
lasts for weeks to months
Probably only use to treat a cat that is hard to medicate
little to no mineralcorticoid activity

26
Q

How is triamclinone administered

A

Orally, inhaled, topical, or parenteral

27
Q

Prednisone/ Prednisolone

A

More mineralocorticoid activity than other drugs
Prednisone:
Not well absorbed in horses or cats
Not well metabolized by cats
Use prednisolone for cats and horses
Prednisone metabolized to prednisolone in the liver

28
Q

methyl-prednisolone

A

similar to pred but devoid of mineralocorticoid action

29
Q

what are the 2 types of methyl-pred

A 
Sodium Succinate (water soluble / fast acting
Acetate (long acting / insoluble suspension)
30
Q

Short acting steroid t1/2 < 12 hrs

A

hydrocortisone

31
Q

Intermediate acting steroid t1/2 12-36 hrs

A

triamclinone, prednisone, methyl-pred

32
Q

long acting steroid t1/2 >48hrs

A

Dexamethasone

33
Q

Dexamethasone side effects

A

GI bleeding/ colonic perforation

laminitis in horses

34
Q

Hydrocortisone warnings

A

wear gloves and wash hands after applying to animal

35
Q

Triamclinone side effect

A

laminitis in horses

36
Q

Prednisone contraindication

A

Don’t use in animal with severe bacterial or fungal infections

37
Q

Prednisolone contraindication

A

dont use in animals with corneal ulceration

38
Q

Methyl-pred warning

A

Shake before use

39
Q

What is the only corticosteroid to potentially improve outcome in acute spinal cord injury

A

Methyl-prednisone sodium succinate

Pharmacology (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions