Sedative-hypnotic Drugs Flashcards
Short-acting benzodiazepine used in ACUTE anxiety, panic attacks, preop sedation and anesthesia induction
AE: anterograde amnesia, UNWANTED DAYTIME SEDATION, rebound insomnia/anxiety
Midazolam
SimD: brotizolam, triazolam, oxazepam, etizolam
additive CNS depression with Ethanol
Intermediate-acting benzodiazepine used in anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizure disorder, tranquilizer
AE: anterograde amnesia, UNWANTED DAYTIME SEDATION, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Lorazepam
SimD: alprazolam, estazolam, CLONAZEPAM, lormetazepam
additive CNS depression with Ethanol
Long-acting benzodiazepine used in anxiety disorders, insomnia, seizure disorder, tranquilizer, ALCOHOL WITHDRAWAL
AE: anterograde amnesia, UNWANTED DAYTIME SEDATION, RESPIRATORY DEPRESSION
Diazepam
SimD: chlorazepate, chlordiazepoxide, quzepam, FLUNITRAZEPAM
additive CNS depression with Ethanol
BZD with longest halflife 36-200 hours
Chlordiazepoxide
LONGEST name has the LONGEST halflife
Date-rape drugs
Alcohol - MOST COMMON
Flunitrazepam (rohypnol)
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate
Benzodiazepine toxicity
slurred speech, ataxia, altered mental status, resp depression
TOXIC DOSE 1000X the therapeutic dose
Antidote: Flumanezil, BZD receptor antagonist
Activated charcoal - NO USE
Benzodiazepine antagonist used for BZD overdose
AE: agitation, confusion, BZD withdrawal syndrome
Flumanezil
may cause SEIZURE and ARRHYTHMIAS in patients who took both TCAs and BZD
Ultra-short acting barbiturate used in anesthesia induction and increased ICP
AE: ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA
Thiopental
SimD: Methotrexital, Thiamylal
additive CNS depression with Ethanl
CYP450 ENZYME INDUCER
TAYOpental = TAYO agad! (short-acting)
Short- and Intermediate-acting barbiturate used for insomnia and preop sedation
AE: ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA
Pentobarbital
SimD: secobarbital, amobartbital, butalbital
additive CNS depression with Ethanl
CYP450 ENZYME INDUCER
Long-acting barbiturate used for insomnia, seizure disorder, status epilepticus, GILBERT’S SYNDROME (kernicterus in neonates) and hyperbilirubinemias
AE: CNS depression, ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA
Phenobarbital
SimD: mephobarbital, primidone
additive CNS depression with Ethanl
CYP450 ENZYME INDUCER
What enzyme is deficient in acute intermittent porphyria?
Porphobilinogen deaminase
Imidazopyridine/new hypnotic drug used for insomnia only
AE: modest day-after psychomotor depression
Zolpidem
SimD: Zaleplon, Eszopiclone
Effects reversed by Flumanezil
NO ANTICONVULSANT, ANTIANXIETY, MUSCLE RELAXANT effects
zzzzZZZZZzzzzz (sleep) - Zolpidem, zaleplon
Anxiolytic drug used as treatment for GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER
Buspirone
BUSpirone for BUSy people (always anxious)
BuSPirone like your BenzodiaSePine
