Antiseizure Drugs Flashcards
Traditional anticonvulsant (hydantoin) used for grand mal seizures, partial seizures, status epilepticus, arrhythmias (Group 1B action)
KNOWN TERATOGEN
AE: Gingival hyperplasia, osteoporosis, hirsutism
Phenytoin
SimD: Fosyphenytoin, mephenytoin, ethotoin
CYP450 ENZYME INDUCER
Zero-order kinetics at high doses
Teratogenic condition which is a result of Phenytoin intake during pregnancy
Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome upturned nose mild midfacial hypoplasia long upper lip with thin vermilion border lower distal digital hypoplasia
Tricyclic anticonvulsant used for grand mal seizure, partial seizure, bipolar disorder and trigeminal neuralgia
AE: diplopia, cognitive dysfunction, blood dyscrasias, SJS, teratogenic potential
Carbamazepine
CYP450 ENZYME INDUCER
Branched-chain FA anticonvulsant used for generalized tonic-clonic seizure, partial seizure, BIPOLAR DISORDER (ACUTE MANIA) and myoclonic seizures
AE: WEIGHT GAIN, alopecia, tremor, Teratogenic (NTDs)
Valproic acid
SimD: sodium valproate
CYP450 ENZYME INHIBITOR
Anticonvulsant barbiturate used generalized tonic-clonic seizures, partial seizures, status epilepticus, insomnia and hyperbilirubinemias
PREFERRED ANTISEIZURE DRUG FOR CHILDREN AND PREGNANT WOMEN
AE: anterograde amnesia, tolerance, dependence liability, ACUTE INTERMITTENT PORPHYRIA
Phenobarbital
SimD: Primidone
CYP450 ENZYME INDUCER
Cyclic ureide anticonvulsant used for absence seizures
Ethosuximide
SimD: Phensuximide, methsuximide
Anticonvulsant BZD used for status epilepticus
AE: anterograde amnesia, tolerance, dependence liability, UNWANTED DAYTIME SEDATION, respi depression
Diazepam
Anticonvulsant BZD used for absence seizures, myoclonic seizures, infantile spasms
AE: anterograde amnesia, tolerance, dependence liability, UNWANTED DAYTIME SEDATION, respi depression
Clonazepam
Anticonvulsant/GABA derivative used for partial seizures, neuropathic pain (postherpetic neuralgia), migraine
Gabapentin
SimD: Pregabalin
Anticonvulsant/Phenyltriazine used for generalized tonic-clonic seizure, absence seizure, partial seizure, bipolar disorder and myoclonic seizures but has a KNOWN AE OF SJS
Lamotrigine
Anticonvulsant/piracetam used for generalized tonic-clonic seizure, partial seizure and juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Leviteracetam
NOT metabolized by CYP450
Anticonvulsant/monosaccharide derivative used for generalized tonic-clonic seizure, absence seizure, partial seizure, LENNOX-GASTAUT SYDROME, WEST SYNDROME and migraine
Topiramate
ANTISEIZURE DRUG WITH THE MOST NUMBER OF MOA
Drugs for generalized tonic-clonic seizure
Valproic acid
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Drugs for absence seizure
Ethosuximide
Valproic acid
Drugs for status epilepticus
Lorazepam
Diazepam
Phenytoin
Phenobarbital
