Alcohols

Question 1

Resulting condition due to increased NADH+ and NAD+ leading to conversion of pyruvate to lactate and OAA to malate (inhibits gluconeo and stim FA synth)

Answer 1

Lactic acidosis and hypoglycemia (and hepatic fatty change)

Depletion of OAA shuts down TCA cycle, shunts acetyl CoA into ketone production

Question 2

Inhibited by Disulfiram, metronidazole, oral hypoglycemics and some cephalosporins

Answer 2

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

Question 3

Responsible for ethanol metabolism at blood levels higher than 100mg/dL

Answer 3

Microsomal Ethanol Oxidizing System (MEOS)

Question 4

Blood Alcohol Concentration

Answer 4

50-100 mg/dL: sedation, subjective HIGH, slower rxn times
>500: respi depression, death

10-15g/day of alcohol: raises HDL and protect against CAD

Question 5

Most common complication of chronic alcohol abuse

Predilection to females and those with HepB and C

Answer 5

Liver disease

Question 6

Most common neurologic abnormality in chronic alcoholics

Answer 6

peripheral neuropathy

Question 7

Common disorder among chronic alcoholics which is a manifestation of thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency

Answer 7

Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome

WEird ACO (Ataxia, Confusion, Ophthalmoplegia)

Brain changes seen: hemorrhagic necrosis of mamillary bodies

Question 8

Condition in a child that results from alcohol exposure during the mother’s pregnancy (1st trimester)

Answer 8

Fetal alcohol syndrome
MOST COMMON manif: mental retardation
growth deficiencies
microcephaly
characteristic underdevt of midface region

Question 9

Condition which occurs 48-72 hours postdiscontinuation of alcohol intake

Answer 9

Delirium tremens

HAD 48
Hallucinations
Autonomic disability
Delirium

Question 10

Treatment of Alcoholism

Answer 10

Naltrexone (Opioid receptor antagonist) - dec CNS effects
Acamprosate (NMDA receptor antagonist)
Disulfiram

Question 11

Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitor which causes accumulation of acetaldehyde leading to nausea, headache, flushing and hypotension

Answer 11

Disulfiram

Clara took the PreMedical Test in the PM
Chlorpropamide
CefoPerazone
CefoMandole
CefoTetan
Procarbazine
Metronidazole

Question 12

Treatment for Methanol poisoning (severe acidosis, RETINAL DAMAGE)
M for MATA

Answer 12

Ethanol and Fomepizole - inhib alcohol dehydrogenase, retards conversion of methanol to formaldehyde

Question 13

Treatment for Ethylene glycol poisoning (acidosis, NEPHROTOXICITY)
E for EHE

Answer 13

Ethanol and Fomepizole - inhib alcohol dehydrogenase, retards conversion of Ethylene glycol to oxalic acid