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Pharmacology > 📌CHEMO DRUGS > Flashcards

📌CHEMO DRUGS Flashcards

1
Q

Cause cross-linking and abnormal base-pairing of DNA strands

A

ALKYLATION

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2
Q

Inhibit DNA replication

A

ALKYLATION

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3
Q

Nitrogen mustard used as a chemical warfare agent

A

Mechlorethamine

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4
Q

Cytotoxic, mutagenic, carcinogenic

A

Mechlorethamine

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5
Q

Metabolized in the P450 system

A

Cyclophosphamide

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6
Q

For breast CA, ovarian CA, Hodgkins and nonHodgkins lymphoma, all leukemias

A

Cyclophosphamide

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7
Q

For organ transplantation

A

Cyclophosphamide

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8
Q

Adverse effects of CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE

A

Hemorrhagic cystitis

GI effects

Alopecia

Bone marrow suppression

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9
Q

Hemorrhagic cystitis

A

MESNA

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10
Q

Neurotoxicity

A

Ifosfamide

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11
Q

Ethylenimenes or amethylmelamines

A

Thiotepa, Altretamine (hexamethylmelamine)

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12
Q

Nitrosoureas

A

Carmustine, Lomustine, Semustine, Stretozocin

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13
Q

For brain tumors

A

Carmustine, Lomustine

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14
Q

Specially toxic to beta cells of islets of Langerhans

A

Streptozocin

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15
Q

For brain tumors, melanoma, GI cancer

A

Lomustine, Carmustine, Semustin, Streptozocin

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16
Q

Adverse effects of Nitroureas

A

CNS toxicityy

Nausea and vomiting

Bone marrow suppression

Skin flushing

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17
Q

Triazenes or Triazines

A

Dacarbacine

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18
Q

Melanoma

A

Dacarbacine

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19
Q

Platinum coordination complex

A

Carboplatin, Cisplatin

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20
Q

Platinum coordination complex -> cross links DNA -> prevents DNa synthesis

A

Cisplatin

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21
Q

For testicular, bladder, lung, ovarian CA

22
Q

Adverse effects of Cisplatin

A

Nephrotoxicity

Ototoxicity

Paresthesias

23
Q

Axonal neuropathy

24
Q

Severe persistent vomiting

Nephrotoxicity

25
Q

Mild nausea and vomiting

Not nephro, neuro or ototoxic

Myelosuppression

A

Carboplatin

26
Q

Intercalation (slides in between the DNA)

A

Antitumor antibiotics

27
Q

Anthracyclines

A

Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin

28
Q

Binds to sugar-phosphate backbone of DNA -> blocks synthesis

A

Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin

29
Q

Adverse effects of Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin

A

Cardiotoxicity

Alopecia

30
Q

Cardiotoxicity

A

Dexrazoxane

31
Q

Anthracendiones

A

Metixantrone

32
Q

Binds to double helix of DNA and for complex with it

Inhibits RNA polymerase

A

Dactinomycin

33
Q

For Wilms tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, choriocarcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma

A

Dactinomycin

34
Q

Adverse effects of Dactinomycin

A

Bone marrow suppression

Skin reaction

GI irritation

35
Q

Cell cycle specific (G2 phase)

36
Q

Generates free radicals, binds to DNA, causes strand breaks and inhibits DNA synthesis

37
Q

For testicular CA and Hodgkins disease

38
Q

Adverse effects of Bleomycin

A

Pulmonary toxicity

Fever and chills

Allergy

39
Q

Adverse effects of Bleomycin

A

Pumonary fibrosis

Unusual: Myelosuppression is rare

40
Q

Drugs causing pulmonary fibrosis

A

Bleomycin/Busulfan
Amiodarone
Nitrofurantoin
Methotrexate

41
Q

Structural analogs of naturally occurring substrates for biochemical reactions

A

Antimetabolites

42
Q

Inhibit DNA synthesis

A

Antimetabolites

43
Q

Folic acid antagonist that prevents conversion of dihydrofolate to tetrahydrofolate that decreeases synthesis of thymidilate, amino acids, purine nucleotides

A

Methotrexate

44
Q

Folinic acid

A

Leucovorin

45
Q

DMARDs

A

Methotrexate

46
Q

Renal damage
Abortifacient
Hepatotoxicity

Common: stomatitis, myelosuppression, erythema, rash, urticaria, alopecia, vomiting, diarrhea

A

Methotrexate

47
Q

For chorioCA, lung CA, ALL, NHL, breast CA

A

Methotrexate

48
Q

Also used for psoriasis, RA

A

Methotrexate

49
Q

To minimize toxic effects of methotrexate

A

Leucovorin rescue

50
Q

Adverse effects: neurotoxicity, macrovesicular fatty change in the liver, pulmonary infiltration and fibrosis, vomiting, nausea

A

Methotrexate

51
Q

Purine analogs

A

Mercaptopurine, athioguanine, azathioprine

52
Q

Alkylation

A

Mechlorethamine

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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