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Pharmacology > Antihypertensive Drugs > Flashcards

Antihypertensive Drugs Flashcards

0
Q

Nerve terminal blocker that blocks storage processing of NE, used as OBSOLETE Tx for HPN

A

Reserpine
SimD: Guanethedine

SE: severe psychiatric depression, suicidal ideation

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1
Q

Nicotinic cholinergic antagonist (ganglion blocker) used as OBSOLETE Tx for hypertension
Causes ORTHOSTATIC/POSTURAL HYPOTENSION

A

Hexamethonium

SimD: Trimethaphan

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2
Q

A1 selective adrenergic antagonist used as TOC for BPH

SE: FIRST DOSE ORTHOSTATIC HYPOTENSION

A

Prazosin

SimD: Doxazosin, TERAZOSIN, TAMSULOSIN, Silodosin

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3
Q

Beta nonselective adrenergic antagonist used as TOC for angina prophylaxis and hypertension

A

Propranolol

SimD: pindolol, timolol, labetalol, carvedilol

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4
Q

Drugs used to control BP in patients with Pheochromocytoma

A

Phenoxybenzamine
Phentolamine
LABetalol

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5
Q

Vasodilator used for HF (in combination with ISDN), HPN and preeclampsia

A

Hydralazine

SE: Reflex tachycardia, MI, Drug-induced Lupus

More effective combo wd ISDN for HF than ACEI

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6
Q

Drugs that causes drug-induced lupus

A 
HIPP
Hydralazine
Isoniazid
Procainamide
Penicillamine
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7
Q

Difference between SLE and Drug-induced Lupus

A

Presence of antihistone Ab on drug-induced lupus

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8
Q

Vasodilator used for HPN and ALOPECIA with known SE of HYPERTRICHOSIS

A

MinOxiDil
Moon Of Desire

MOA on hypertri - stimulates hair follicles in telogen phase to differentiate into growth follicles in anagen phase

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9
Q

Difference between non-dihydropyrimidine VS dihydropyrimidine CCBs

A

Non-dihydropyrimidine CCBs are more CARDIAC than vascular - NonC

Dihydropyrimidine CCBs are more VASCULAR than cardiac - DV

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10
Q

Non-dihydropyrimidine CCBs used for SVT, angina, hypertension, migraine

Keyword: SVT

A

Verapamil

SimD: Diltiazem

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11
Q

Common SE of Verapamil

A

Constipation, PRETIBIAL EDEMA

Also known to cause GINGIVAL HYPERPLASIA

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12
Q

Dihydropyrimidine CCBs used for angina and HPN

A

Nifedipine
SimD: Amlodipine, Nicardipine, Felodipine, Nisoldipine

Constipation, PRETIBIAL EDEMA, dizziness

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13
Q

Vasodilator used for HYPERTENSIVE EMERGENCY and MALIGNANT HYPERTENSION

A

Nitropusside

MOA: relaxes both venous and arteriolar smooth m. Hence dec both preload and afterload

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14
Q

Vasodilator known to cause CYANIDE TOXICITY as SE

A

Nitropusside

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15
Q

Dopamine agonist used for hypertensive emergency

Vasodilation of efferent and afferent arterioles in kidneys -> inc UO

A

FenolDOPAM

SE: Hypotension, hypokalemia

16
Q

RAA System

A

Angiotensinogen cleaved by Renin from JG apparatus -> Angiotensin I (inactive metabolite) -> converted by ACE (peptidyl dipeptidase) -> Angiotensin II which is an active vasoconstrictor acting on AT1 receptors

17
Q

Is there an Angiotensin III?

A

Yes. Found at adrenal glands also functioning as a vasoconstrictor

18
Q

Why are ARBs better than ACEIs?

A

Because Other than ACE inhibited by ACEIs, other enzymes can still convert Ang1 to Ang2 hence antihypertensive effect will not be absolute

19
Q

Antihypertensive drugs that slows down ventricular remodelling (inc survival in heartfailure and is RENOPROTECTIVE

A

ACE Inhibitors

Renoprotective bec it dec albumin excretion hence slowing down progression of microalbuminuria to macroalbuminuria

20
Q

Common SE of Captopril

SimD: Enalapril, Benzelapril, Fosinopril, Lisinopril, Quinril, Ramipril, Trandolapril

A

COUGH

Also a known teratogen and may also cause hyperkalemia

21
Q

Benefits of ACEI use (Captopril, Enalapril, etc.)

A

Slows ventricular remodelling and inc survival in HF

Delays progression of diabetic nephropathy

22
Q

Treatment of hypertension with co-morbids

A

Post-MI: Use Thiazides + Beta blockers

T2DM: Use THiazides + ACEI > ARBs

23
Q

Example of ARBs

A

LosARtan, Candesartan, Valsartam, Irbesartan, Eprosartan, Telmisartan

24
Q

Why do patients taking Angiotensin antagonists (ACEI and ARB) develop hyperkalemia?

A

They reduce aldosterone levels causing potassium retention

25
Q

Example of Renin antagonist

A

ALISkiREN

ALIS ka RENin!

26
Q

Management of MALIGNANT HPN (SBP >200)

A

Vasodilator (Nitropusside, Fenoldopam, Diazoxide) + Diuretic (Furosemide) + Beta blocker to lower BP to 140-160/90-110

Pharmacology (23 decks)

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