SCI & Cranial Nerves Flashcards
CN V (dermatome, muscles, function)
dermatome: anterior face, mm: mastication, fx: ingestion
C3
dermatome: neck region, muscles: sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius, function: head control. Could operate power chair independently with head movements or breath controls
C4
dermatome: upper shoulders , muscles: trapezius (diaphragm), function: head control. Self-Care: Dependent for all self-care but can suck from straw.
C5
dermatome: lateral shoulders , muscles: deltoid, biceps, rhomboids, function: elbow flexion, supination, shoulder flexion/abduction/extension. Self-care: feeding requires total assist for set up then independent with equipment. Equipment that may be used: suspension sling or mobile arm support, dorsal wrist splint with universal cuff, dycem, scoop dish or plate guard, angled utensils, long opponens splint. Dressing: UE with min to mod, LE dependent. Bathing: min to mod. Grooming: assist with set up, can be independent with splint and U-cuff with teeth, hair, shaving. Bowel & Bladder: total A. Could propel manual chair indoors with some assist. Driving: could drive independently with highly-specialized equipment. Requires 6-10 hours per day of assist.
C6
dermatome: thumb & radial forearm , muscles: extensor carpi radialis, biceps, latissimus dorsi, supinator, function: wrist extension. Feeding: independent with or without AE which may include: u-cuff or tenodesis splint, rocker knife, scoop dish or plate guard, cup with large handles. Dressing: LB: independent in bed, max A for shoes/socks. UB: indep. with button hook, zipper pull, velcro. Bathing: min A using hand-held shower, tub bench, & slide board t/f. Grooming: indep. using tenodesis grasp. Bowel/bladder: some assist. T/fs: can be indep on level t/fs. Propel manual w/c independent indoors. Independent with driving. Requires 4-6 hrs per day of assist.
C7
dermatome: middle finger , muscles & function: triceps, wrist flexion, finger extensors. Independent with feeding, dressing, bathing, and grooming. Can be indep with bed mobility & t/fs with or without t/f board.
C8
dermatome: little finger, ulnar forearm , muscles: wrist and finger flexors , function: finger flexion.
T1
dermatome: axilla & proximal medial arm , muscles: hand intrinsics, function: abduction and adduction of fingers. Can perform w/c<>floor t/fs with SBA.
CN I
Olfactory: sensory: smell. Test: sniff various aromatic substances
CN II
Optic: Sensory: vision. Test: Eye-chart, visual fields
CN III
Oculomotor: Motor: eye muscles for medial and vertical movements, and pupillary constrictor and lens accommodation. Sensory: proprioception of eye.
CN IV
Trochlear: Proprioceptors and motor fibers superior oblique eye muscles (downward and inward eye movements), tested: visual tracking
CN V
Trigeminal: sensory for face, motor fibers for mastication,. Test: corneal reflex with cotton swab, move jaw through full ROM
CN VI
Abducens: motor for lateral rectus of eye, lateral eye movements. Tested in conjunction with CN III relative to moving eye laterally
CN VII
Facial: Motor to muscles of facial expression and salivary glands, sensory to taste buds and anterior 2/3 of tongue. Test: symmetry of face, facial expressions, taste
CN VIII
Vestibulocochlear: Sensory of equilibrium and hearing. Test: hearing with tuning fork
CN IX
Glossopharyngeal: Sensory to posterior tongue, gag reflex. Test: gag and swallow reflexes, posterior tongue for taste
CN X
Vagus: Motor and sensory for larynx and pharynx, parasympathetic motor fibers supply smooth muscles of abdominal organs. Test: Elevation of palate, swallowing, speaking (raspy voice, palate will elevate to good side)
CN XI
Spinal Accessory: sensory/motor to sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
CN XII
Hypoglossal: Motor/sensory for tongue. Test: controlled tongue movements (when tongue is out it will deviate to affected side)
ASIA A
Complete lesion
ASIA B
Incomplete lesion: sensory (but not motor) is preserved below the level
ASIA C
Incomplete lesion: motor function is preserved below the level but more than half of they key muscles have a muscle grade of less than 3.
ASIA D
Incomplete lesion: motor function is preserved below the level with more than half of the muscles have muscle grade of 3 or more.
ASIA E
Motor and sensory is normal.
Brown Sequard Syndrome
When only one side of the spinal cord is damaged. Ipsilateral loss of light touch, motor, and proprioception, contralateral loss of temperature and pain.
Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome
Bilateral loss of motor and pain/temp sensation.
Anterior Spinal Cord Syndrome
Paralysis and loss of pain, temperature, and touch. Proprioception is preserved.
Posterior Cord Syndrome
Bilateral loss of light touch & proprioception.
Posterior Cord Syndrome
Bilateral loss of light touch & proprioception.
