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NBCOT > Chapter 10: Psychiatric & Cognition > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Psychiatric & Cognition Flashcards

1
Q

Stereotypy

A

Repetition of fixed patterns of movement and speech (echolalia)

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2
Q

Akathisia

A

State of restlessness characterized by urgent need for movement, usually side effect of meds

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3
Q

Circumstantiality

A

Speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive or irrelevant details

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4
Q

Tangentiality

A

Abrupt changing of focus to a loosely associated topic

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5
Q

Flight of Ideas

A

rapid shifts in thoughts from one to another

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6
Q

Thought blocking

A

interruption of a thought process before it is finished

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7
Q

Loosening of Association

A

disorder of the logical progression of thoughts where seemingly unrelated and unconnected ideas shift from one to another

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8
Q

Nominal aphasia

A

Inability to name objects

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9
Q

Illusions

A

misperceptions or mininterpretations of real sensory events

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10
Q

Agnosia

A

Inability to understand and interpret the significance of sensory input

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11
Q

Recent memory

A

Recall events within the past few days

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12
Q

Recent past memory

A

Recall events of the past few months

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13
Q

Remote memory

A

Recall events of the distant past, aka long-term memory

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14
Q

Procedural Memory

A

Automatic sequence of behavior such as conditioned responses

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15
Q

Declarative Memory

A

Consciously learned facts, such as school subjects

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16
Q

Semantic Memory

A

Knowing the meaning of words and the ability to classify information. Includes things that are common knowledge, such as the names of colors, the sounds of letters, the capitals of countries and other basic facts acquired over a lifetime.

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17
Q

Episodic Memory

A

Knowledge of one’s personal experiences

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18
Q

Prospective Memory

A

Remembering to carry out future actions.

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19
Q

DSM-IV Axis I

A

Clinical disorders

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20
Q

Axis II

A

Personality disorders & “mental retardation”

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21
Q

Axis III

A

General medical conditions

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22
Q

Axis IV

A

Psychosocial & environmental problems

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23
Q

Axis V

A

Global assessment of functioning on a continuum between 0-100.

24
Q

Bipolar I disorder

A

one or more manic episode, may be combined with depressive episodes

25
Q

Bipolar II disorder

A

no manic episodes, at least one hypomanic episode (less severe mania), one or more major depressive episodes

26
Q

Schizoid Personality Disorder

A

lifelong patter of social withdrawal, introvert, constricted affect, eccentric, isolated, loney

27
Q

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

A

odd, strange in thinking and behavior, magical thinking, peculiar ideas, illusions (false perception of real external stimulus), derealization

28
Q

Borderline Personality Disorder

A

unstable affect, mood, behavior, relationships and self image. Fear of abandonment, frantic efforts to avoid it. Self-destruction and harm. Usually history of trauma.

29
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 1 of Dementia

A

No disability is noted

30
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 2 of Dementia

A

Forgets normal age-related info (lost keys..)

31
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 3 of Dementia

A

Strengths: Still independent in IADLs, can use compensation and adaptations. Weaknesses: Forgets important info for the first time in their life, difficulty with complex tasks, difficulty with directions to new places

32
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 4 of Dementia

A

Strengths: performs routine ADLs, live at home with support, can follow simple verbal cues. Weaknesses: Deficits noted in IADLS. unable to follow written cues, unable to perform familiar but challenging tasks, word finding, needs assist at home now

33
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 5 of Dementia

A

Person cannot function independently. Strengths: can perform some ADL/IADL with correct cues and assist, responds to encouragement, Weaknesses: poor judgement, decision making, forgets hygiene, cannot drive

34
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 6 of Dementia

A

Cannot perform ADLs without cues. Strengths: can perform components of familiar tasks, can follow hand-over-hand and demonstration. Weaknesses: deficits with 2 step commands, can’t sequence ADLs, can’t speak full sentences, incontinent of bowel and bladder

35
Q

Reisburg’s Stage 7 of Dementia

A

Bedbound, unable to respond in any way to questions or commands.

36
Q

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

Negative, hostile, defiant, temper, argues, actively defies adults, result in functional impairment. ADHD often occurs with ODD.

37
Q

Conduct Disorder

A

disregard for others, aggression towards people and animals, destructive, lie, steal, violate rules

38
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

Meets criteria for schizophrenia but the episode is more than 1 months but less than 6 (lasting 6 months is required for schizophrenia diagnosis)

39
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

major depressive episode, manic episode, or a mixed episode concurrent with symptoms of schizophrenia

40
Q

Schizophrenia Diagnostic Criteria

A

Criterion A: presence of two or more: delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, disorganized or catatonic behavior, negative symptoms (restricted emotion, lack of pleasure, alogia, anergia) Criterion B: disturbances or function. Criterion C: symptoms for at least 6 months and at least 1 month of criterion A symptoms.

41
Q

Avoidant Personality Disorder

A

extreme sensitivity to rejection, socially withdrawn, have desire for companionship but consider themselves unworthy, inferiority complex

42
Q

Histrionic Personality Disorder

A

dramatic, extrovert, flamboyant, unable to maintain deep attachments

43
Q

Antisocial Personality Disorder

A

antisocial or criminal acts, inability to conform to social norms, lack remorse, no regard for others, conduct disorder can be a precursor

44
Q

Dysthymic Disorder

A

Major depressive symptoms that are less severe and present for at least 2 years.

45
Q

Behavior Modification Theory

A

Based on operant conditioning. Behavior is shaped by connecting a positive or negative reinforcement. Rewards shape behavior more effectively than punishment. Controversial for adults because it doesn’t require the client to cognitively process.

46
Q

Intentional Relationship Model

A

Therapeutic use of self, triad between client, OT, and occupation. “keep head before heart” “mindful empathy”. Balance focus of activities with interpersonal.

47
Q

Treatment for Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

consistent expectations and behavior program, positive reinforcement, clear instructions, time-in/time-out.respond best to moderate, but not too much, structure

48
Q

Which model emphasizes the notion that healing must come from a safe cultural context?

A

KAWA!

49
Q

Cyclothymia

A

Episodes of hypomania and depressed mood over at least 2 years.

50
Q

Treatment for Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A

consistent expectations and behavior program, positive reinforcement, clear instructions, time-in/time-out. ADHD often occurs with ODD.

51
Q

Treatment for dissociative personality disorder

A

opportunities for safe and supportive exploration of new personalities. Clients with multiple personality disorder will tend to show more severe symptoms when provided with more opportunities to self-express, such as in nondirective cathartic and verbal groups.

52
Q

Frontotemporal dementia

A

Immediate, distinct onset. behavioral changes with an increase in disinhibited behavior, decreased social tact, lack of empathy, and lack of interest.

53
Q

Vascular Dementia

A

Cognitive decline similar to AD but less severe memory involvement. Gail disturbances, abrupt or stepwise decline.

54
Q

Lewy Body Dementia

A

Deficits in attention, executive function, memory, fluctuating cog, visual hallucinations, parkinsonism, visuospatial.

55
Q

The recommended method of communicating with a client with Alzheimer’s

A

Provide as brief and accurate a response as possible without overchallenging the client. Addressing the emotional rather than the factual components of the request, when appropriate, is also recommended.

NBCOT (30 decks)

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