Chapter 5: Cog & Play Development

Question 1

Early Object Use - 3-6 months

Answer 1

Actions: Child focuses on action performed with objects (banging, shaking)

Question 2

Early Object Use - 6-9 months

Answer 2

more actions: (pulling, turning, poking, tearing)

Question 3

Early Object Use - 8-9 months

Answer 3

Combines objects, such as objects in containers

Question 4

Early Object Use - 9-12 months

Answer 4

notices the relation between actions and consequences such as opening doors, placing lids on containers

Question 5

Early Object Use - 12 - 15 months

Answer 5

Child links schemes in SIMPLE combinations (putting baby in carriage, then pushing it)

Question 6

Early Object Use - 24-36 months

Answer 6

Child links MULTI-scheme combinations into meaningful sequences (putting food in bowl, scooping food with spoon, feeding doll)

Question 7

Early Object Use - 36-42 months

Answer 7

Child links schemes into a complex script

Question 8

Problem-solving skills - 6-9 months

Answer 8

1) Finds object after watching it disappear
2) uses movement as a means to an end (rolling to secure toy)
3) anticipates movement of objects in space (looking toward trajectery of object)
4) attends to consequences of actions (banging toy and seeing it makes noise)
5) repeats actions to repeat consequences (banging toy to hear noise)

Question 9

Problem-solving skills - 9-12 months

Answer 9

1) Child is able to use a tool after demonstration
2) Child’s behavior becomes more goal directed
3) Child performs an action to produce a response

Question 10

Problem-solving skills - 12 - 15 months

Answer 10

1) Child recruits the help of an adult to achieve a goal
2) Child attempts to activate a simple mechanism
3) Child turns and inspects objects
4) Child uses trial and error

Question 11

Problem-solving skills - 18-21 months

Answer 11

1) Child attends to shapes of things and uses appropriately
2) Child begins to think before acting
3) Child uses tool to obtain a favored object
4) Child begins to replace trial and error with a thought process in order to attain a goal
5) Child can operate a mechanical toy (on-off switch)
6) Child can predict effects of presume causes

Question 12

Problem-solving skills - 21-24 months

Answer 12

1) Child recognizes operations of several mechanisms

2) Child matches circles, squares, triangles, and manipulates objects into small openings (shape sorter)

Question 13

Problem-solving skills - 24-27 months

Answer 13

1) Child discriminates sizes

Question 14

Problem-solving skills - 24-30 months

Answer 14

1) Child can build with blocks horizontally and vertically

Question 15

Problem-solving skills - 27-30 months

Answer 15

1) Child begins to relates experiences to one another based on logic and knowledge of past experiences
2) Child can make mental plan without acting it out
3) Child can see relationships between experiences (popped balloon makes loud noise)

Question 16

Problem-solving skills - 36-48 months

Answer 16

1) Child can build a tower of 9 cubes - balance and coordination
2) Child can organize objects by size, and builds structure by mental image

Question 17

Problem-solving skills - 48-60 months

Answer 17

1) Child can build involved structures combining various planes and symmetrical designs
2) Able to utilize spatial awareness, cause-and-effect, and mental images in problem solving

Question 18

Symbolic Play - 12-16 months

Answer 18

1) Basic “make believe” play, primarily involving self (eating, sleeping)

Question 19

Symbolic Play - 12-18 months

Answer 19

1) Child can project “make believe” play on objects and others
2) Child uses a variety of schemes in imitating familiar activities

Question 20

Symbolic Play - 18-24 months

Answer 20

1) Child increases the use of non-realistic objects in pretending (substituting a block for a train)
2) Child has inanimate objects perform familiar activities (doll washing itself)

Question 21

Symbolic Play - 2-4 years

Answer 21

1) Child engages in play experiences through which he/she formulates, tests, classifies, and refines ideas, feelings, and combined actions.
2) Associated with language development
3) Prefers objects of symbolization, control and mastery
4) Mostly parallel play with peers

Question 22

Exploratory Play - 0-2 years

Answer 22

1) play experiences to develop body scheme
2) explores properties and effects of actions on objects and people (build sensory and motor skills)
3) Plays mostly with parents/caregivers

Question 23

Creative Play - 4-7 years

Answer 23

1) sensory, motor, cognitive, and social play
2) Explores combinations of actions on multiple objects
3) masters skills that promote performance in school and work activities
4) cooperative peer groups

Question 24

Games, 7-12 years

Answer 24

1) Participates in play with rules, competition, social interaction, and opportunities for development of skills
2) Cooperative peer groups with growing interest in competition
3) Friends - parents when friends absent

Question 25

Functional Play

Answer 25

Functional play uses real objects to re-create real-life situations.

Question 26

Manipulative Play

Answer 26

Stacking colored rings is manipulative play,