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NBCOT > Chapter 4: Ethics & Research Terms > Flashcards

Chapter 4: Ethics & Research Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Program evaluation- QI

A

Quality improvement: system oriented approach that views limitations & problems proactively as opportunities to increase quality.
Prevention emphasized, and no blaming

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2
Q

Program evaluation- TQM

A

Total Quality Management: creating of organizational culture that enables employees to contribute to environ. of cont. improvement

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3
Q

Program evaluation- PAI

A

Performance assessment & improvement (PAI): systematic method to evaluate appropriateness and quality of services

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4
Q

Program evaluation- Utilization review

A

plan to review the use of resources w/in a facility. determine med neccissary and cost effective? often component of QI or PAI

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5
Q

Program evaluation- Statistical utilization review

A

reimbursement claims data are analyzed to determine most efficient and cost-effective care.

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6
Q

Program evaluation- Peer review

A

system in which the quality of work of a group of health professionals is reviewed by their peers.

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7
Q

Program evaluation- Professional review organization (PRO)

A

groups of peers who evaluate appropriateness of services and quality of care under reimbursement/state licensure requirements

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8
Q

5 P’s of marketing

A 
1- Product
2- Price
3- Place
4- Promotion
5- Position (place the product holds in relation to similar products or services in the market)
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9
Q

Quantitative methodology/design: True-experimental

A

classic 2 group design includes random selection and experimental (receives tx) and control group (no tx). Often difficult to use this design with human subjects.

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10
Q

Quantitative methodology/design: Quasi-experimental

A

Ind variable is manipulated to determine effect on dependent variable but theres lesser degree of researcher control and/or no randomization

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11
Q

Quantitative methodology/design: Non-experimental/correlational

A

No manipulation of Ind variable; no randomization or researcher control. Used to study relationships btwn two or more variables.
expressed as correlational coeffecient from -1.00 to +1.00.
Ex’s) 1-retrospective (data collected in past)
2- prospective (present data)
3- descriptive (inv of several variables at once to determine existing relationships
4- predictive (used to develop predictive models)

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12
Q

Qualitative methodology/design types: Phenomenological

A

Study of 1 or more ppl and how they make sense of their experience. Minimal interpretation by investigator. Meanings can only be ascribed by participants

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13
Q

Qualitative methodology/design types: Ethnographic

A

Patterns & characteristics of cultural group, including values, roles, beliefs, and normative practices

  • done thru observations, interviews, examination of literature, & cultural immersion
  • used to understand insiders perspective in order to develop meaningful services
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14
Q

Qualitative methodology/design types: Heuristic

A

complete involvement of researcher in the experience of the subject to understand and interpret a phenomenon. Meanings can only be understood if personally experienced.

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15
Q

Qualitative methodology/design types: Case Study

A

Single subject or group of subjects is investigated in an in-depth manner.

  • purpose can be description, interpretation, or evaluation
  • easy to use in most settings
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16
Q

Intradisciplinary Team

A

Members of ONE discipline evaluate, plan, and implement treatment. Too narrow, other disciplines not involved.

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17
Q

Multidisciplinary Team

A

Multiple disciplines assess and treat independent from one another. Limited communication, competition may develop.

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18
Q

Interdisciplinary Team

A

Individual assessments and intervention but all disciplines collaborate.

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19
Q

Transdisciplinary Team

A

Characteristics of interdisciplinary teams are maintained and expanded upon. Role blurring is accepted.

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20
Q

Capitation

A

A payment arrangement for health care service providers such as physicians or nurse practitioners. It pays a physician a set amount for each enrolled person assigned to them, per period of time, whether or not that person seeks care.

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21
Q

Diagnostic Related Groups (DRGs)

A

Descriptive categories that determine the level of payment at a per case rate. (lump sum)

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22
Q

Health Maintenance Organization (HMO)

A

Most common form of managed care. Enrollees must see only doctors within HMO network.

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23
Q

Preferred Provided Organization

A

Similar to HMO but offers more choices of providers, but as choices increase, percentage of payment decreases.

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24
Q

Eligibility for Medicare

A
  • over 65
  • end stage renal disease
  • long-term disability (e.g. ALS) who have received disability benefits for 24 months
  • retired railroad workers
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25
Q

Direct vs Indirect Expense

A

Direct: costs related to OT service provision (salaries, office supplies, ADL materials)
Indirect: Costs shared by the setting (utilities, housekeeping, marketing)

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26
Q

Type I error

A

Null hypothesis is rejected by the researcher when it is true.

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27
Q

Type II error

A

Null hypothesis is not rejected by the researcher when it is false.

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28
Q

T test

A

parametric: assesses whether the means of two groups are statistically different from each other.

29
Q

Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)

A

Parametric, Compares two or more tx groups or conditions at a selected probability level.

30
Q

Parametric Statistics

A

Testing based on population parameters, includes tests os significance based on interval or ratio data.

31
Q

Nonparametric Statistics

A

Testing not based on population parameters, includes tests of significance based on ordinal or nominal data. Less powerful than parametric stats. Example: Chi square test

32
Q

Correlational Statistics

A

Determines relationships between two variable.

33
Q

Credibility

A

The level of confidence that the findings truthfully reflect the reality of the participants and the context.

34
Q

Dependability

A

The inclusion of the full range of data, including outliers.

35
Q

Confirmability

A

The degree to which a study’s conclusions are based on the data.

36
Q

Procedural Justice

A

Occupational therapy personnel shall comply with institutional rules, local, state, federal, and international laws and AOTA documents applicable to the profession of occupational therapy. Also taking continuing education and being competent in one’s job

37
Q

Veracity

A

provide comprehensive, accurate, truthful, and objective information when representing the profession. comprehensive, accurate, and objective transmission of information and includes fostering the client’s understanding of such information

38
Q

Fidelity

A

treat colleagues and other professionals with respect, fairness, discretion, and integrity. being faithful, which includes obligations of loyalty and the keeping of promises and commitments. In the health professions, fidelity refers to maintaining good-faith relationships between various service providers and recipients. Avoiding plagiarism.

39
Q

OTPF: Domain

A

occupations, client factors, performance skills, performance patterns, contexts and environments

40
Q

OTPF: Process

A

Evaluation, intervention, outcomes

41
Q

BENEFICENCE

A

demonstrate a concern for the well-being and safety of the recipients of their services.

42
Q

Client Factors

A

values, beliefs, spirituality, body functions, body structures that reside within the client and influence their performance in occupations.

43
Q

Performance Skill

A

observable elements of action that have implicit functional purpose. E.g. motor skills (manipulates, bends), process skills (chooses, paces), social interaction skills

44
Q

Performance Patterns

A

habits, routines, rituals, roles

45
Q

OTPF: Contexts

A

cultural, personal, temporal, virtual, physical, social

46
Q

]Continuous Supervision

A

Supervisee is in sight

47
Q

Close Supervision

A

Daily direct contact

48
Q

Routine Supervision

A

Direct contact at least every 2 weeks with occasional other communication like phone or email

49
Q

General Supervision

A

At least monthly direct contact

50
Q

Minimal Supervision

A

Provided only as needed at may be less than monthly

51
Q

OTA Service Competency

A

“the process of teaching, training, and evaluating in which the OTR® determines that the COTA® performs tasks in the same way that the OTR® would and achieves the same outcomes”

52
Q

Order of AOTA disciplinary actions

A
  • -Reprimand–: A formal expression of disapproval of conduct communicated privately by letter from the EC Chairperson that is nondisclosable and noncommunicative to other bodies (e.g., state regulatory boards [SRBs], National Board for Certification in Occupational Therapy,® [NBCOT®]).
  • Censure-—A formal expression of disapproval that is public.
  • -Probation of Membership Subject to Terms–
  • -Suspension–
  • -Revocation—Permanent denial of AOTA membership.
53
Q

Prudence (code of ethics core concept)

A

Use of clinical and ethic reasoning, judgement, and reflection to make decisions within OT’s area of practice.

54
Q

Examples of nonmaleficence

A

Not getting drunk or high before going to work.

55
Q

Respecting the client’s right to refuse therapy is an example of which ethical principle?

A

autonomy/confidentiality

56
Q

Assisting in a health fair to help promote the health of members in a facility is an example of which ethical principle?

A

social justice

57
Q

Attending evidence-based educational sessions and using current and updated assessments is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Beneficence

58
Q

Not getting completely blazed while hot boxing in your car on the way to work is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Nonmaleficence

59
Q

Following reimbursement guidelines for different payer sources is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Procedural Justice

60
Q

Ensuring documentation is accurate and truthful is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Veracity

61
Q

Not divulging personal information of coworkers is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Fidelity

62
Q

Avoiding plagiarism is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Veracity

63
Q

Treating a clients the same regardless of their age or ethnicity is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Social Justice

64
Q

Learning about laws that impact on OT is an example of which ethical principle?

A

Procedural Justice

65
Q

AOTA Sanction: Reprimand

A

Private letter of reprimand from ethics commision

66
Q

AOTA Sanction: Censure

A

A public, formal notice of disapproval of behavior

67
Q

Ethical distress or ethical dilemma? A client needs treatment in the evening but the facility you work at isn’t open in the evenings.

A

Ethical distress

68
Q

Ethical distress of ethical dilemma? The family doesn’t want your client to know their condition is terminal and the client keeps asking you

A

Ethical dilemma

NBCOT (30 decks)

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